The Bullroarer Atlas

897 rendered attestations

All Bullroarer Atlas records

Browse the source-backed record pages behind the interactive atlas. Each page keeps the record text, source line, image credit, and a link back to the same point on the map.

Papua New Guinea 154

  1. Abelam (incl.Maprik)East Sepik - Restricted
  2. AgarabiEastern Highlands - Restricted
  3. Aimei village / northeastern Kiwai (Gibaio dialect)Gulf Province / lower Era River - Function not recorded
  4. Anga (Angu)Morobe–Gulf fringe (Anga) - Restricted
  5. Ankave-Anga, Suowi ValleySouthern Anga territory, northernmost Gulf Province at the Morobe / Eastern Highlands junction (Suowi-Mbwei Valley) - Restricted
  6. Arapesh (incl.Kaboibus)East Sepik - Restricted
  7. Astrolabe BayMadang - Sacred / spirit
  8. Aua Island (Durour)Manus / Western Islands (Aua) - Play / practical
  9. AuyanaEastern Highlands / Anga-Eastern Highlands men's cult zone - Restricted
  10. AvatipEast Sepik - Restricted
  11. AwalamaMilne Bay - Function not recorded
  12. Bagabag IslandMadang - Sacred / spirit
  13. BainingEast New Britain - Restricted
  14. Baluan IslandManus - Function not recorded
  15. BanaroEast Sepik - Restricted
  16. Baramura (Balamula) villageLower Fly River, Western Province - Sacred / spirit
  17. BarriaiWest New Britain - Function not recorded
  18. BaruyaEastern Highlands / Anga-Eastern Highlands men's cult zone - Restricted
  19. BaskenMadang - Sacred / spirit
  20. BensbachWestern Province (Morehead) - Function not recorded
  21. Bia-WariaMorobe - Restricted
  22. Biliau village area, Rai CoastBiliau, Rai Coast (Madang, near Saidor) - Function not recorded
  23. BinandereNorthern - Restricted
  24. Boazi (Boadzi / Kuni-Boazi; incl. Zimakani / Suki ethnonyms)Lake Murray and its central/northern shores plus the middle reaches of the Fly River, Western Province (southern lowlands) - Restricted
  25. BoikenEast Sepik - Restricted
  26. Bola (Bakovi)Willaumez / Talasea Peninsula / West New Britain / New Pommern - Function not recorded
  27. BonguRai Coast, Madang (Astrolabe B - Function not recorded
  28. Borli/BoliBorli/Boli (Waria watershed) - Restricted
  29. BosmanMelanesia, Papua New Guinea - Function not recorded
  30. Buin (incl.Telei, Uisai)Bougainville - Sacred / spirit
  31. BukaBougainville - Restricted
  32. Bukaua (Bukawa), Huon GulfMorobe (former German New Guinea / Nordost-Neuguinea) - Restricted
  33. Bukawa / YabimMorobe - Restricted
  34. BusamaMorobe - Restricted
  35. Bush Kaliai / Lusi-KaliaiKaliai bush, Kove/Kaliai Rural LLG, West New Britain - Restricted
  36. Cape CretinMorobe - Sacred / spirit
  37. Central Iatmul / PalimbeiMiddle Sepik / Palimbei (historic catalog: Palimbai II) - Function not recorded
  38. ChambriEast Sepik - Restricted
  39. Dagu / Dagoi (Pay / Mala language)Dagoi / Dagu / Bogia District / Madang Province - Sacred / spirit
  40. Dom / SinasinaChimbu - Function not recorded
  41. Duo YangoruEast Sepik - Sacred / spirit
  42. EklepWest New Britain - Sacred / spirit
  43. Elema: GeneralGulf - Restricted
  44. EvaoraPanaroa (Ivey) River / Port Romilly, Gulf Province - Weather / fertility magic
  45. FinschhafenMorobe - Restricted
  46. Fly RiverWestern - Restricted
  47. GawacMorobe - Restricted
  48. Gazelle: GeneralEast New Britain - Play / practical
  49. GoaribariGoaribari, Gulf Province (Kikori delta) - Restricted
  50. GogodalaWestern Province (Aramia River - Function not recorded
  51. Grass Country regional provenance (community unrecorded)Grass Country between the Sepik and Keram rivers, East Sepik - Function not recorded
  52. Guhu-SamaneMorobe - Restricted
  53. Gulf of Papua peoples (Loeb's regional synthesis)Gulf of Papua / British New Guinea - Restricted
  54. HakusBougainville - Sacred / spirit
  55. HubeMorobe - Function not recorded
  56. Hunjara (Koko), Yodda ValleyYodda Valley / Kokoda / Kumusi Division - Restricted
  57. Huon Gulf (General)Morobe - Restricted
  58. IariPurari Delta, Gulf - Restricted
  59. Iatmul / KanganamunMiddle Sepik / Kanganamun - Restricted
  60. Iatmul / MindimbitEast Sepik - Function not recorded
  61. JarePapuan Gulf area - Restricted
  62. Kafe / KainantuEastern Highlands - Function not recorded
  63. KaiMorobe - Restricted
  64. Kaiser-Wilhelmsland (unlocalized), ex Neu-Guinea-CompagnieKaiser-Wilhelmsland (German New Guinea), locality unrecorded - Function not recorded
  65. KaluliMount Bosavi, Great Papuan Pla - Function not recorded
  66. Kamano, Fore, Jate, UsurufaEastern Highlands - Restricted
  67. KambramboLower Sepik, East Sepik Province - Restricted
  68. KaprimanSepik (Kambaramba), East Sepik - Restricted
  69. Karkar Island (incl. Karkar-Takia, Karkar Waskia & Gubardau Takia)Madang - Sacred / spirit
  70. KerakiWestern - Restricted
  71. KilengeCape Gloucester, far-west New Britain - Restricted
  72. King / KalilNew Ireland - Restricted
  73. KiwaiWestern - Restricted
  74. KorikiPurari Delta (Pai-i-ara), Gulf Province - Restricted
  75. Koriki, Kairu (Purari Delta)Gulf Province / Purari Delta / Naman District / Kairu - Sacred / spirit
  76. Kubka (museum spelling: Kubkin) / Upper SepikEast Sepik / Leonard Schultze (Walio) River / Kubka vicinity - Function not recorded
  77. Kubu (Western Province)Kubu, Western Province - Sacred / spirit
  78. KurtiManus - Function not recorded
  79. KwomaEast Sepik - Restricted
  80. Lae - WombaMorobe - Function not recorded
  81. Lake KutubuSouthern Highlands - Play / practical
  82. LaksNew Ireland - Restricted
  83. Lala (Nara), Central Province, Papua New GuineaCentral Province / Kairuku Hiri District / Lala (Nara) area - Weather / fertility magic
  84. Maclay CoastMadang - Restricted
  85. MaipkaWestern Highlands - Sacred / spirit
  86. MaipuaPurari delta (Maipua), Gulf - Restricted
  87. Mairipepia village, Gulf ProvinceGulf Province / Mairipepia village - Function not recorded
  88. MaisinNorthern - Function not recorded
  89. Mali Baining, Iwon (Gazelle Peninsula)East New Britain / Gazelle Peninsula / Iwon - Sacred / spirit
  90. Manam Island (incl. Dugulaba)Madang - Restricted
  91. Masingara (Bine/Gizra)Western Province (near Daru) - Function not recorded
  92. MawaiMawai (Waria watershed) - Restricted
  93. Mekeo, Central Province (PNG)Central Province / Mekeo District - Sacred / spirit
  94. MengenEast New Britain - Sacred / spirit
  95. Moando language areaMoando-Sprachgebiet, NE New Guinea (Madang hinterland) - Function not recorded
  96. MoripiGulf - Restricted
  97. MowehafenWest New Britain - Sacred / spirit
  98. MundugumorEast Sepik - Sacred / spirit
  99. Murik / Kaup / KerauEast Sepik - Restricted
  100. NakanaiWest New Britain - Play / practical
  101. NalikNew Ireland - Function not recorded
  102. Namau (Purari Delta), Baroi RiverGulf Province / Purari Delta / Naman District / Baroi River / Ukiaravi - Restricted
  103. NasioiBougainville - Function not recorded
  104. New Hanover (incl. Tungak, Lavongai)New Ireland - Function not recorded
  105. NgaingMadang - Restricted
  106. NiauraEast Sepik - Restricted
  107. Nungon (Towet, Worin, Kotet)Uruwa River valley / Kabwum District, Morobe Province - Sacred / spirit
  108. OrokaivaNorthern - Restricted
  109. Orokaiva, Kokoda DistrictBritish New Guinea / North Division / Kokoda District - Restricted
  110. OrokoloGulf - Restricted
  111. Pororan IslandBougainville - Sacred / spirit
  112. PurariGulf - Restricted
  113. Purari / KaimariKaimari Island / Port Romilly / Gulf Province - Sacred / spirit
  114. Ramuaina / Duke of York IslandEast New Britain - Function not recorded
  115. RaoMadang - Function not recorded
  116. Roro Islands, Central Province (PNG)Central Province / Bereina subdistrict / Roro Islands - Function not recorded
  117. Ruk RukNorthern Bougainville - Restricted
  118. SawosTorembi, East Sepik - Function not recorded
  119. Sepa (Sepa language)Sepa village / Bogia District / Madang Province - Sacred / spirit
  120. SepoeGulf - Restricted
  121. SerangMadang - Function not recorded
  122. Siassi IslandsMorobe - Restricted
  123. SioMorobe - Sacred / spirit
  124. Sirorata, Oro ProvinceOro Province / Sirorata - Function not recorded
  125. SissanoSissano villages, Aitape coast, West Sepik (former German New Guinea) - Function not recorded
  126. SiwaiBougainville - Function not recorded
  127. SolosBuka Island, Autonomous Re - Sacred / spirit
  128. SulkaEast New Britain - Restricted
  129. TairoraEastern Highlands / Anga-Eastern Highlands men's cult zone - Restricted
  130. TamiMorobe - Restricted
  131. Tanga (Tanga Islands)Tanga Islands (Boang, Malendok, Lif, Tefa) / New Ireland Province / former German New Guinea - Function not recorded
  132. TapenMadang - Sacred / spirit
  133. Tarawai IslandEast Sepik - Restricted
  134. TaulilGazelle Peninsula, New Britain - Restricted
  135. TaupotaMilne Bay - Sacred / spirit
  136. Titans (incl. M'bunai, Rambutyo Island & Mouk)Manus - Function not recorded
  137. Toaripi (Motumotu)Gulf - Restricted
  138. TolaiEast New Britain - Play / practical
  139. TopuraMilne Bay - Sacred / spirit
  140. TubulamoCentral - Function not recorded
  141. Umboi IslandMorobe - Sacred / spirit
  142. UramaGulf Province (Urama Island) - Restricted
  143. Uramot Baining, Gazelle PeninsulaEast New Britain / Gazelle Peninsula / Latramat-Kainagunen - Restricted
  144. UtuwalaMilne Bay - Function not recorded
  145. Vanimo (incl. Warimo, Wutung and Yako)West Sepik - Function not recorded
  146. WaimaCentral - Sacred / spirit
  147. WamparMorobe - Function not recorded
  148. WapeiWest Sepik - Function not recorded
  149. Wapo-EraGulf - Function not recorded
  150. WogeoEast Sepik - Restricted
  151. Yimar (Yimas-Karawari area)Upper Korowori (Karawari) River, East Sepik - Restricted
  152. YonggomWestern Province (Muyu/Ok Tedi - Restricted
  153. YupnoNokopo village, Finisterre Range, Madang Province - Function not recorded
  154. ZiaMorobe - Sacred / spirit

Australia 135

  1. Adelaide tribes / Kaurna regionAdelaide region - Restricted
  2. Algamurra (Aboriginal Australian)Central Australia (1889 label 'Algamurra') - Function not recorded
  3. Antakirinya / Antikirinya / AntakarinjaNorth-west South Australia / Coober Pedy and Charlotte Waters region - Restricted
  4. Anula / Anula neighbours of BinbingaWestern Gulf of Carpentaria - Restricted
  5. Aranda / ArrernteCentral Australia (Aranda / Arrernte country) - Restricted
  6. Arunta / ArrernteMacDonnell Ranges / Alice Springs region - Restricted
  7. BadimayaMurchison / Lake Moore / Ninghan Station / Paynes Find - Function not recorded
  8. Bangerang (Pangerang)Murray-Goulburn River, northern Victoria and southern NSW (Cummeragunja) - Play / practical
  9. Barda / Bardadjawa (Bardi / Baada)Cape Leveque / Dampier Peninsula, Kimberley - Restricted
  10. Binbinga / BinbinkaWestern Gulf of Carpentaria - Restricted
  11. Birdhawal (Bidawal)Northeast Gippsland / Cann River / Victoria-New South Wales border - Restricted
  12. BirdunguWest Kimberley - Restricted
  13. Biripi (Birpai)Manning River / Hastings River (Taree, Port Macquarie) - Restricted
  14. Bloomfield RiverCape York Peninsula - Restricted
  15. Bunganditj / Meintangk / Tanganekald, southeast South AustraliaSoutheast of South Australia (Mount Gambier, Lacepede Bay, lower Coorong); southern Ngarrindjeri-family country - Function not recorded
  16. Bungyarlee and Parkungi (Bonney's terms)Momba Station / Wilcannia / northern River Darling - Restricted
  17. Bunurang / BunurongVictoria - Play / practical
  18. Burdekin River near TownsvilleNorth Queensland - Function not recorded
  19. Burgess Point / Stingray Creek Area, Port Hedland ComplexWestern Australia / Pilbara / Port Hedland / Burgess Point - Function not recorded
  20. Butchulla (Badtjala)K'gari (Fraser Island) and adjacent Hervey Bay coast - Restricted
  21. CheparaQueensland / New South Wales border coast - Restricted
  22. Clarence and Richmond River tribesClarence and Richmond Rivers - Restricted
  23. Coast MurringRestricted
  24. Culgoa River tribesCulgoa River - Restricted
  25. Darkinjung / Guringai communitiesCalga Aboriginal Cultural Landscape / Peats Ridge songline / Central Coast - Restricted
  26. Derby districtWest Kimberley - Restricted
  27. Dieri / DiyariRestricted
  28. Djauan / Jawoyn areaKatherine River / Djauan country - Restricted
  29. Drysdale River, KimberleyWestern Australia / Kimberley / Drysdale River - Restricted
  30. Euahlayi (Yuwaalaraay)Narran River / north-western New South Wales - Restricted
  31. Fitzroy River (people unrecorded)Kimberley / Fitzroy River - Restricted
  32. Gascoyne regionGascoyne - Sacred / spirit
  33. Geawe-galHunter River valley (Glendon, Singleton) - Restricted
  34. GringaiWilliams River valley, Dungog-Gresford district - Restricted
  35. Gugu Yalanji areaButcher's Hill / Boggy Creek Reserve southwest of Cooktown - Sacred / spirit
  36. Gupapuyngu DaygurrgurrEastern Arnhem Land / Howard Island - Sacred / spirit
  37. Iliaura (Alyawarre / Alyawarr)Upper Sandover River region, north-east of the MacDonnell Ranges, Northern Territory (Iliaura/Alyawarre country, immediately north of the Arunta) - Restricted
  38. ItchumundiLower Darling River (Wilcannia-Menindee-Bourke arc) - Restricted
  39. Iwaidja / Port EssingtonPort Essington / Cobourg Peninsula - Restricted
  40. Jabunbarra Jirrbal / GirramayMurray Upper-Cardwell rainforest, northeastern Queensland - Function not recorded
  41. KaiabaraWide Bay - Burnett, inland from Maryborough - Restricted
  42. Kaitish (Kaytetye)Sandover / Barrow Creek region - Restricted
  43. KamilaroiWeir River / Tallwood, Queensland - Restricted
  44. Karadjeri / KarajarriLa Grange / Bidyadanga, West Kimberley - Restricted
  45. Kariyarra (Kariera)Pilbara coast around Port Hedland - Sacred / spirit
  46. Keriri / Hammond Island (Kaurareg), western Torres StraitKeriri (Hammond Island), Prince of Wales / Muralug group, western Torres Strait, Queensland - Restricted
  47. Kimberley DistrictKimberley - Restricted
  48. Kings Tableland, Blue Mountains (NSW)New South Wales / Blue Mountains / Kings Tableland - Sacred / spirit
  49. Koko-yimidirr / McIvor RiverCape York Peninsula - Restricted
  50. Kookynie district; people unrecordedKookynie district / Goldfields-Esperance, Western Australia - Sacred / spirit
  51. Kurnai / GunaiRestricted
  52. Lake NaddernNamendarra Lake, Shire of Laverton, Western Australia (Peabody: 'Lake Naddern') - Restricted
  53. LardilMornington Island, Gulf of Carpentaria - Play / practical
  54. LarrakiaDarwin / Larrakia country - Restricted
  55. Lower (Southern) Arrernte, Charlotte Waters, Central AustraliaCharlotte Waters telegraph station, southern Northern Territory near the South Australian border; Lower / Southern Arrernte (Arandic) country - Restricted
  56. Mabuiag, Torres StraitWeather / fertility magic
  57. Macleay and Bellinger River tribesMacleay and Bellinger Rivers - Restricted
  58. Mara (Marra), western Gulf of Carpentaria, mouth of the Limmen Bight RiverCoastal country around the mouth of the Limmen Bight River, southwest Gulf of Carpentaria, between the Roper River and Maria Island, Northern Territory - Restricted
  59. Mardu / Mardudjara (Western Desert; Jigalong)Western Desert of Western Australia, around Lake Disappointment (Kumpupintil) on the Little Sandy / Gibson Desert margins; people now centred on Jigalong - Restricted
  60. MartuthuniraPilbara coast - Restricted
  61. Matuntara (Kukata / Southern Luritja), western neighbours of the Aranda, Central AustraliaMatuntara (Kukata) country south of the Levi Range, around the Palmer River tributary of the Finke River, eastward to Erldunda and westward to Curtin Springs, straddling the Northern Territory / South Australia border - Restricted
  62. Mer / Murray Island, Torres StraitPlay / practical
  63. Meriam (Mer / Murray Island), Eastern Torres StraitMer (Murray Island), Eastern Islands, Torres Strait, Queensland - Weather / fertility magic
  64. Milingimbi Island / YurruwiMilingimbi Island (Yurruwi), Crocodile Islands, Northern Territory - Restricted
  65. Mitirinji / Quoin IslandPrincess Charlotte Bay / Stewart River - Restricted
  66. Moa (Mua) Islanders, western Torres Strait (Kauralaig group)Moa (Mua / Banks) Island, western Torres Strait, Queensland - Weather / fertility magic
  67. Mount Barnett, KimberleyWestern Australia / Kimberley / Mount Barnett - Function not recorded
  68. Mount MargaretGoldfields / Mount Margaret - Restricted
  69. Mularatara / MatuntaraSouthern Western Desert: Palmer River country south of the Levi Range, east to Erldunda and west to Curtin Springs, extending across the Northern Territory border into northern South Australia - Restricted
  70. Mulga Downs (rock-art)Pilbara, Western Australia - Function not recorded
  71. Mulgrave River near CairnsNorth Queensland - Function not recorded
  72. MungaraiRoper River / Mataranka country - Restricted
  73. Muralug / Prince of Wales Island, Torres StraitRestricted
  74. Murawari (Muruwari)Culgoa / Bokhara / Birrie / Nebine Rivers - Restricted
  75. Murinbata / Murrinh-PathaPort Keats / Daly region - Restricted
  76. Mycoololl / Flinders RiverNorth Queensland / Gulf country - Restricted
  77. NambutjiNorthern Western Desert, Luritja-speaking country north of the Pitjantjatjara and west of the Aranda, around the Mount Liebig–Haasts Bluff–Lake Macdonald corridor on the Northern Territory side near the Western Australia border - Restricted
  78. Narrang-ga / NarunggaYorke Peninsula, South Australia - Restricted
  79. NgarigoMonaro / Snowy Mountains (Cooma, Bombala) - Restricted
  80. Ngarinyin (Ungarinyin)Northern Kimberley, WA, wandjina country - Restricted
  81. Ngarluma (Ngaluma)Pilbara coast between Maitland and Sherlock rivers - Sacred / spirit
  82. Ngatatara (Ngadadjara / Ngaatjatjarra)Western Desert, centred on the Warburton Ranges (eastern WA, extending into SW Northern Territory and NW South Australia); the namatuna myth was recorded by Roheim from the Ngatatara man Kulaia (with the Aranda man Thomas) at Hermannsburg Mission, Aranda country (NT) - Restricted
  83. NunggubuyuNumbulwar, Arnhem Land (NT) - Restricted
  84. NyamalPilbara - Restricted
  85. Nyulnyul (Nyul Nyul)Western side of the Dampier Peninsula (Beagle Bay area), Kimberley region, Western Australia - Restricted
  86. Ooldea native campOoldea Soak, South Australia - Restricted
  87. Oscar Ranges / KimberleyOscar Ranges, Kimberley, Western Australia - Restricted
  88. Pindupi (Pintupi)Western Desert, between Lake Mackay and Lake Macdonald along the WA/NT border (Kintore Range / Walungurru); Roheim's Pindupi data gathered from his 1929 base at Hermannsburg in Central Australia - Restricted
  89. PitjantjatjaraAnangu lands, NW South Australia / SW Northern Territory near Uluru - Restricted
  90. Pitta-Pitta, Roxburgh, Yaroinga, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, and neighboring groupsNorth-west-central Queensland - Restricted
  91. Port Lincoln tribes / Barngarla regionPort Lincoln - Restricted
  92. Potaruwutj (Bindjali / Bodaruwitj)Tatiara / Naracoorte-Bordertown district / South Australia - Sacred / spirit
  93. Roebourne, Western AustraliaWestern Australia / Roebourne - Function not recorded
  94. Roebuck Bay district (people not recorded)Roebuck Bay / Broome district, Western Australia - Sacred / spirit
  95. Shoalhaven and southeast coast tribesShoalhaven River and southeast coast NSW - Restricted
  96. Southern Cross districtYilgarn / Southern Cross - Function not recorded
  97. Sunday Island (Bardi/Jawi), KimberleyWestern Australia / Kimberley / Sunday Islands - Sacred / spirit
  98. Theddora (Dhudhuroa)Mitta Mitta / Kiewa / Upper Murray (Omeo, Wodonga) - Restricted
  99. Tjingilli (Jingulu)Newcastle Waters / Elliott (Barkly) - Restricted
  100. Tribes between the Hunter and Macleay RiversHunter to Macleay Rivers, New South Wales - Restricted
  101. Turrbal / Brisbane River allied tribesQueensland / Brisbane River - Restricted
  102. Ungarinyin and Wurara/WororaNorth Kimberley / Prince Regent and related Kimberley archive region - Restricted
  103. Unmatjera / AnmatyerreCentral Australia - Restricted
  104. Urabunna / ArabanaCentral Australia / Lake Eyre region - Restricted
  105. Urania Tribe / Linda CreekWestern Queensland / Linda Creek - Function not recorded
  106. Victoria River (Aboriginal Australian)Victoria River, Northern Territory - Function not recorded
  107. Wajarri / WadjarriMurchison - Restricted
  108. Wambaya (Umbaia in Spencer and Gillen)Beetaloo Waterhole (Briggs Lagoon), Barkly Region - Restricted
  109. Wangkangurru (Wonkonguru)Mungeranie / country east of Lake Eyre - Restricted
  110. WardamanNorthern Territory - Function not recorded
  111. Waribarra Mamu / Dulgubarra Mamu / GulŋayJohnstone River / lower Tully-Murray rainforest / North Queensland - Sacred / spirit
  112. Warlpiri / WalbiriCentral Australia / Tanami Desert / Warlpiri country - Restricted
  113. WarnindhilyagwaGroote Eylandt, Arnhem Land, N - Function not recorded
  114. Warumungu (Warramunga)Tennant Creek district, Northern Territory - Restricted
  115. Wathi-wathi (Wadi-wadi)Murray River around Balranald / Tooleybuc - Restricted
  116. Wik-Mungkan / Archer Kendall Edward RiversWestern Cape York - Restricted
  117. Wiknatara (Wik-Iiyanh)Western Cape York, Aurukun region - Restricted
  118. Willilambi / Twilight CoveEucla / Twilight Cove - Function not recorded
  119. Wiluna locality; people unrecordedWiluna / Mid West, Western Australia - Sacred / spirit
  120. Wiradthuri / WiradjuriMacquarie and Bogan Rivers - Restricted
  121. Wiradthuri tribes on the upper MurrumbidgeeUpper Murrumbidgee River - Restricted
  122. Wolgal (Walgalu)Upper Murrumbidgee / Tumut / Kiandra - Restricted
  123. Wonghi / WonghibonNew South Wales - Restricted
  124. Worgait / WagaitWagait / Worgait country - Restricted
  125. WorimiPort Stephens / lower Hunter River - Restricted
  126. Wurunjerri / Wurundjeri, KulinYarra River / Kulin country, Victoria - Restricted
  127. WyndhamEast Kimberley - Function not recorded
  128. Yam / Iama Islanders (Kulkalgal), central Torres StraitYam (Iama) Island, central Torres Strait; territory of the Kulkalgal central-island people (Yam paired with neighbouring Tutu) - Weather / fertility magic
  129. Yandruwandha (Jandruwanta)Innamincka / Cooper Creek / northeastern South Australia - Play / practical
  130. Yaraikanna (Yadhaykenu)Cape York tip (Somerset hinterland), Queensland - Restricted
  131. YindjibarndiPilbara - Restricted
  132. Yir-YorontLower Mitchell River / Kowanyama (Mitchell River Mission), Cape York Peninsula - Sacred / spirit
  133. Yolngu, Arnhem LandArnhem Land - Restricted
  134. YuinSoutheastern Australia - Restricted
  135. Yumu (Jumu)Western MacDonnell Ranges, Northern Territory — Haast Bluff (Paura) and Mount Liebig country, west of the central MacDonnell Ranges - Restricted

United States 87

  1. Ancestral Pueblo / Ruin 14Wetherill Mesa, Mesa Verde, Colorado - Function not recorded
  2. Ancestral Puebloan / Chacoan Pueblo del ArroyoPueblo del Arroyo / Chaco Canyon / undated within site - Function not recorded
  3. Apache / San Carlos Agency contextSan Carlos Agency, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  4. ArapahoGreat Plains / Arapaho - Play / practical
  5. Atsugewi (Atsuge and Apwaruge)Hat Creek and Dixie Valley - Play / practical
  6. Bristol Bay provenance (historic catalogue: Eskimo)Bristol Bay, Alaska - Play / practical
  7. Castaic Cave, Los Angeles County, California (Chumash)California / Los Angeles County / Castaic Cave - Sacred / spirit
  8. Catawba / Rock Hill York CountySouth Carolina Piedmont - Function not recorded
  9. Chemehuevi (Southern Paiute), eastern Mojave Desert and Chemehuevi Valley, lower Colorado RiverEastern Mojave Desert and Chemehuevi Valley along the lower Colorado River (southeastern California / western Arizona) - Weather / fertility magic
  10. Chiricahua ApacheArizona - Weather / fertility magic
  11. Coast MiwokCentral California coast - Sacred / spirit
  12. Coast Yuki (Ukoht-ontilka / Ukhotnom)Pacific coast of Mendocino County, roughly the Noyo River north to the Sinkyone boundary (Westport–Usal heartland), northern California - Weather / fertility magic
  13. CupenoCalifornia - Play / practical
  14. Diegueno / KumeyaayCalifornia / Baja borderlands - Restricted
  15. Dividing Point, Yukon RiverAlaska / Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area / Dividing Point - Function not recorded
  16. Eastern Band Cherokee / BirdtownNorth Carolina / Qualla Boundary / Birdtown - Play / practical
  17. Elko and Battle Mountain ShoshoniElko and Battle Mountain, Humboldt River, Nevada - Weather / fertility magic
  18. Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community (now Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation)Fort McDowell Reservation / lower Verde River, Maricopa County, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  19. Gros VentreNorthern Plains - Play / practical
  20. HavasupaiGrand Canyon / Havasupai - Weather / fertility magic
  21. Hopi / Songoopavi, Second MesaArizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Songoopavi (Shongopovi) - Sacred / spirit
  22. Hopi, Mishongnovi (Second Mesa), ArizonaArizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Mishongnovi (Musangnuvi) - Weather / fertility magic
  23. Hunkpapa LakotaNorth/South Dakota (Standing Rock) - Play / practical
  24. Hurricane Deck cave region, San Rafael Mountains (Chumash traditional territory)California / Santa Barbara County / Hurricane Deck - Function not recorded
  25. Iñupiaq / KotzebueAlaska / Kotzebue Sound - Play / practical
  26. Inupiaq / Point HopeAlaska / Point Hope - Play / practical
  27. Inupiaq, WainwrightWainwright, North Slope, Alaska - Play / practical
  28. Inyo County, CaliforniaCalifornia / Inyo County - Play / practical
  29. Jemez (Walatowa)Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico - Function not recorded
  30. Kaibab Southern Paiute (?)Arizona Strip / Kaibab Indian Reservation, northern Arizona - Function not recorded
  31. Kamia (Kumeyaay)Imperial Valley, California - Function not recorded
  32. Karok (Karuk)Klamath River, California - Function not recorded
  33. Kato (Cahto)Cahto Valley and Long Valley, head of the South Fork of the Eel River, near Laytonville and Branscomb, Mendocino County, northern California - Restricted
  34. KlamathOregon / Klamath region - Weather / fertility magic
  35. Koasati / Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana / Bel AbbeyLouisiana / Allen Parish / Bayou Blue near Elton - Play / practical
  36. Lake MiwokCoyote Valley and the south end of Clear Lake, Lake County, north-central California (around present-day Middletown) - Restricted
  37. LuisenoCalifornia - Restricted
  38. MaiduNorthern California - Play / practical
  39. MakahCape Flattery, Washington - Restricted
  40. Mattaponi / Mattaponi ReservationVirginia / King William County - Function not recorded
  41. Mesa Grande Diegueño, San Diego County, CaliforniaCalifornia / San Diego County / Mesa Grande Reservation - Function not recorded
  42. Mohave (Mojave)Colorado River, Arizona/California - Function not recorded
  43. MonoCalifornia / Great Basin - Sacred / spirit
  44. Mountain CahuillaCalifornia / Southwest - Restricted
  45. Muscogee (Creek) / James H. Hill text corpusOklahoma / Eufaula / eastern Oklahoma - Play / practical
  46. Nanticoke / Indian River descendantsDelaware / Sussex County / Indian River Hundred - Play / practical
  47. Native Hawaiian / Hawaiian Islands generalHawaiian Islands - Play / practical
  48. Navajo / DineSouthwest - Sacred / spirit
  49. Northern Paiute, UtahUtah - Sacred / spirit
  50. Northern Pomo (maker Sam Tony), Mendocino County, CaliforniaNorthern Pomo territory, upper Russian River drainage, Mendocino County, California - Function not recorded
  51. Northern UteUintah and Ouray Reservation / Utah - Function not recorded
  52. Oglala Dakota / Pine RidgePine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota - Play / practical
  53. Omaha / NebraskaNebraska (Omaha territory) - Play / practical
  54. PaiuteGreat Basin - Play / practical
  55. Papago / Tohono O'odhamSouthwest - Weather / fertility magic
  56. Pecos PuebloPecos Pueblo, New Mexico - Function not recorded
  57. PenobscotOld Town (Indian Island), Maine - Function not recorded
  58. Pima / Akimel O'odhamFunction not recorded
  59. Point Barrow Eskimo / InupiatPoint Barrow, Alaska - Play / practical
  60. PomoCalifornia - Restricted
  61. Potter Valley Pomo (Northern Pomo)Potter Valley / Mendocino County, California - Weather / fertility magic
  62. Quechan (Yuma)Lower Colorado River, Arizona - Function not recorded
  63. QuinaultWashington coast - Play / practical
  64. RappahannockVirginia - Function not recorded
  65. Rio Grande Pueblo tribesRio Grande Pueblo region, New Mexico - Weather / fertility magic
  66. Saline Valley ShoshoniSaline Valley, eastern California - Play / practical
  67. SerranoCalifornia - Play / practical
  68. Sicangu Lakota, Rosebud (South Dakota)South Dakota / Rosebud Sioux Reservation - Play / practical
  69. SinkyoneSouth Fork Eel River / Bull Creek / Garberville region - Weather / fertility magic
  70. Site 40HW44, Hawkins County, TennesseeTennessee / Hawkins County / site 40HW44 - Function not recorded
  71. St. Lawrence Island Yupik (Siberian Yupik), Bering Sea, AlaskaSt. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, Alaska Territory - Sacred / spirit
  72. Surprise Valley Paiute (Kidütökadö)Surprise Valley, northeastern California and Warner Valley, Oregon - Weather / fertility magic
  73. Tanaina / Dena'inaAlaska / Mackenzie-Yukon edge - Sacred / spirit
  74. Teton Dakota / LakotaSouth Dakota (Teton Lakota territory) - Play / practical
  75. Tewa of San IldefonsoPueblo / Southwest - Restricted
  76. Tonto ApacheSouthwest - Sacred / spirit
  77. TübatulabalUpper Kern River and South Fork Kern River drainages, Kern River Valley, southern Sierra Nevada, Kern County, California - Play / practical
  78. Turtle Mountain Chippewa / BelcourtNorth Dakota / Turtle Mountain Reservation - Function not recorded
  79. Tusayan / Walpi / HopiWalpi, Tusayan / Hopi mesas, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  80. Twana (Skokomish and related Hood Canal bands)Hood Canal / Skokomish River, Puget Sound region, Washington - Play / practical
  81. Verde Valley cliff dwellingsVerde Valley, central Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  82. Wimonuntci UteGreat Basin / Colorado Plateau - Restricted
  83. YokutsCalifornia - Sacred / spirit
  84. Yup'ik (Nunakauyarmiut) / Toksook Bay, Nelson IslandAlaska / Nelson Island, central Bering Sea coast (Yukon-Kuskokwim region) - Function not recorded
  85. Yup'ik Norton Sound / Saint MichaelAlaska / Norton Sound - Play / practical
  86. Zia (Sia) Pueblo / KeresanZia Pueblo / Sandoval County / New Mexico - Sacred / spirit
  87. ZuniPueblo / Southwest - Sacred / spirit

Brazil 36

  1. Apalakiri (Kalapalo)Upper Xingu, Mato Grosso - Restricted
  2. ApinayeEastern Brazil - Play / practical
  3. BakairiCentral Brazil - Play / practical
  4. BaniwaLower Rio Içana, Santana, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas - Function not recorded
  5. BororoEastern Brazil - Restricted
  6. Bororo, Kejara (Rio Vermelho, Mato Grosso)Mato Grosso / Rio Vermelho / Aldeia Kejara - Restricted
  7. Canela (Ramkokamekra)Maranhão (Sardinha) - Restricted
  8. CaripunaUpper Madeira - Sacred / spirit
  9. Eastern Timbira - Canella and ChakamekraEastern Brazil - Restricted
  10. Encomendadores do Rio das MortesRio das Mortes district, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais - Sacred / spirit
  11. Folia das Almas of ItajuiItajui / Vale da Gurita, Delfinopolis, Minas Gerais - Sacred / spirit
  12. IpurinaAmazon / Purus - Function not recorded
  13. KamaiuráUpper Xingu, Mato Grosso - Restricted
  14. KarajaCentral Brazil - Restricted
  15. KayapoXingu basin, Para/Mato Gro - Function not recorded
  16. KuikuroUpper Xingu, Mato Grosso - Play / practical
  17. Kulisehu River peoplesUpper Xingu / Kulisehu River - Play / practical
  18. MashacaliEastern Brazil - Restricted
  19. MehinakuCentral Brazil - Restricted
  20. Nahukúá (upper Xingu)Upper Xingu (Steinen expeditions of 1884 and 1887-88) - Function not recorded
  21. Northeastern Brazilian folk (caboclo/sertanejo)Nordeste (sertao); sold at feiras across the region - Play / practical
  22. Porangaba Recomenda das Almas groupsPorangaba / São Paulo - Sacred / spirit
  23. Recomendação das Almas group of São ManuelSão Manuel, São Paulo - Sacred / spirit
  24. Reza Pr'as Almas groups of Morrinhos / PalmitoMorrinhos / rural Palmito, Goiás - Sacred / spirit
  25. SherenteEastern Brazil - Restricted
  26. Shipaya-KuruayaCentral Brazil / lower Xingu - Restricted
  27. Sociedade Renasceriana of Itapecerica / GRERTACUFItapecerica, Minas Gerais - Sacred / spirit
  28. Tembé (Tenetehara), ParáPará/Maranhão (Tenetehara) - Function not recorded
  29. Terno Irmãos PaivaSanto Antônio da Alegria / São Paulo - Sacred / spirit
  30. Ticuna (Tikuna / Magüta)Upper Solimões, Amazonas (between Tabatinga and São Paulo de Olivença) - Restricted
  31. TiriyóParu de Oeste-Marapi basin, Tumucumaque Indigenous Park, Pará - Function not recorded
  32. TrumaiUpper Xingu, Mato Grosso - Restricted
  33. Wajãpi / WayãpiOyapock / Amapá and French Guiana - Function not recorded
  34. Wauja (Waurá)Upper Xingu, Mato Grosso - Restricted
  35. XavanteMato Grosso - Function not recorded
  36. Xipaya (Šipáia)Upper Curuá River / Iriri–Xingu, Pará - Restricted

Democratic Republic of the Congo 31

  1. Adoi (kundrukundru)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  2. Aimeri (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  3. Amanga (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  4. Andebogo (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  5. Andowi (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  6. Babali (Bali), IturiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  7. Babira (Bira), IturiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  8. Bagbwa (egburuburu/arumvu-rumvu)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  9. Bakango (Bafwaguda clan / Mbuti)Asunguda-Apare river district / Ituri Forest near Avakubi - Restricted
  10. Bakumu (Komo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  11. Balese (Kalimoholo village)Kilo-Geti goldfields district / Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo - Restricted
  12. Bangba / Ngbaka (Kereboro, Haut-Uele)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Play / practical
  13. Bangelima (Ngelima)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  14. Bapere (Pere)Pere country, North Kivu (Manguredjipa area) - Restricted
  15. Bapopoi (Popoi), AruwimiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  16. Barundi (NE Congo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  17. BolokiUpper Congo - Play / practical
  18. Bushongo / BushoongKuba / Kasai region - Restricted
  19. KubaKasai (Kuba) - Function not recorded
  20. Lokele, middle Congo RiverNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  21. MamvuNE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  22. MayogoNE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  23. Mbole (Opala)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  24. Mbuti (BaMbuti, Ituri Forest "Pygmies")Ituri Forest, northeastern Congo (Ituri Province), DRC - Restricted
  25. Ngbaka minagende (Gemena)Gemena, Sud-Ubangi (then Équateur Region) - Restricted
  26. NyaliNE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  27. Sango / Ngbandi (Biaba, Nord-Ubangi)NW DR Congo (northern Zaire per Grove) - Play / practical
  28. Wagenia (Genya), Kisangani rapidsNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  29. Wanyanza (NE Congo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  30. Yalemba-Ligasa area, Upper Congo (?Topoke / ?Olombo / ?Lokele)Tshopo Province / Yalemba-Ligasa area - Function not recorded
  31. Zande (Azande)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded

India 25

  1. Angami / Khizami subgroup; KhizabaruiNaga Hills / Khizami area - Play / practical
  2. Angami / Khonoma villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  3. Ao Naga (Chongli and Mongsen)Ao country, Mokokchung district, Nagaland (Naga Hills, Assam at time of source) - Play / practical
  4. Chakhesang NagaNagaland (Phek), NE India - Play / practical
  5. Ho / Singhbhum DistrictBihar and Orissa / Chota Nagpur - Play / practical
  6. KarbiKarbi Anglong, Assam - Function not recorded
  7. Khasi / KhasiaKhasi Hills - Function not recorded
  8. Kolkata urban toy provenanceCalcutta / Kolkata - Play / practical
  9. Konyak / Shiong villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  10. Konyak / Tamlu villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Weather / fertility magic
  11. Konyak NagaNagaland (Mon), NE India - Weather / fertility magic
  12. Konyak Naga / WakchingNagaland / Mon District / Wakching - Weather / fertility magic
  13. Lhota / Okotso villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  14. MalabarMalabar / Kerala - Play / practical
  15. Maria GondBastar, Chhattisgarh - Function not recorded
  16. Munda / Ranchi DistrictBihar and Orissa / Chota Nagpur - Play / practical
  17. Muria Gond / Markabera village, BastarBastar / Central Provinces - Play / practical
  18. Oraon / KurukhChota Nagpur / Ranchi - Restricted
  19. Rengma / Meluri villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  20. Sangtam (general) / Naga Hills, AssamNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  21. Santal / Singhbhum and Monghyr DistrictsBihar and Orissa / Chota Nagpur - Sacred / spirit
  22. Sema / Sumi countryNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  23. Southern Sangtam / Purr Phorr villageNaga Hills / present Nagaland - Play / practical
  24. Thadou (Kuki)Nagaland/Manipur hills, NE India - Sacred / spirit
  25. Tipra / Tripuri Ker-pujaFormer Tripura State / Tripura ritual sphere - Sacred / spirit

Canada 24

  1. Baffinland Inuit Kingarmiut/Sikosuilarmiut / KinngaitNunavut / Qikiqtaaluk Region - Play / practical
  2. Carrier (Dakelh)British Columbia - Function not recorded
  3. Central InuitChesterfield Inlet / Kivalliq, Nunavut - Function not recorded
  4. Chipewyan / Dene / Etthen-eldeliChurchill River / Reindeer Lake region - Play / practical
  5. Classic Lillooet (St'át'imc) — Keatley Creek pithouse village (EeRl 7)Middle Fraser Canyon (Interior Plateau), British Columbia; St'át'imc (Lillooet) territory between Xaxlip/Fountain and Ts'kwaylacw/Pavilion, ~20-25 km upstream of Lillooet - Function not recorded
  6. Davis Inlet band NaskapiLabrador / Davis Inlet - Play / practical
  7. Eskimo-Aleut / Mackenzie River mouthNorthwest Territories / Mackenzie River mouth - Play / practical
  8. Haida, Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia - Function not recorded
  9. Hesquiaht (Nuu-chah-nulth)Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island - Restricted
  10. Ihalmiut / Nueltin LakeNunavut / Kivalliq Region - Play / practical
  11. Kwakiutl / Kwakwaka'wakwVancouver Island / British Columbia coast - Restricted
  12. Mi'kmaqMaritime Canada - Function not recorded
  13. Moose CreeMoose Factory, James Bay, - Weather / fertility magic
  14. Mushuau Innu (Naskapi)Labrador - Function not recorded
  15. Netsilik Inuit (Netsilingmiut)King William Island (Qikiqtaq) / Netsilingmiut territory, Kitikmeot, Nunavut - Play / practical
  16. Northern Labrador InuitNorthern Labrador - Play / practical
  17. Northern Ojibwa, Weagamow Lake, OntarioOntario / Weagamow Lake - Function not recorded
  18. Northern Saulteaux (Ojibwe)Northern Saulteaux country, northwestern Ontario - Weather / fertility magic
  19. Qikiqtani / Belcher Islands Inuit / SanikiluaqNunavut / Belcher Islands - Play / practical
  20. Sallirmiut Inuit / Southampton IslandNunavut / Kivalliq Region - Play / practical
  21. Slavey (Dene, Northern Athapaskan)Fort Nelson, British Columbia - Play / practical
  22. Swampy CreeCross Lake, Northern Manitoba - Weather / fertility magic
  23. TsimshianLower Skeena and Nass rivers, northern BC coast - Sacred / spirit
  24. Yukon First Nations, upper Yukon borderlandsYukon / Scottie Creek-Titus upper Yukon region - Sacred / spirit

Indonesia 23

  1. AsmatNorthwest Asmat, South Papua - Restricted
  2. Dugum DaniGrand Valley of the Balim River, West New Guinea / West Irian - Play / practical
  3. DyakSouthwest Kalimantan / Borneo - Function not recorded
  4. Ende (Flores)Central Ende region, Flores - Function not recorded
  5. JavaJava - Play / practical
  6. KamoroMimika regency, South Papua - Restricted
  7. KanumSouth Papua (Merauke area) - Function not recorded
  8. Karo BatakBukit, Karo highlands, North Sumatra - Play / practical
  9. Kayan Umaq Lekan, Miau BaruMiau Baru, Kongbeng, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan - Function not recorded
  10. Kimam (Kolepom / Frederik-Hendrik Island)Frederik-Hendrik Island (Pulau Yos Sudarso / Kolepom), south coast - Restricted
  11. Marind-animDutch South New Guinea / South Papua - Restricted
  12. MentawaiPagai Islands, Mentawai Islands - Function not recorded
  13. MinangkabauWest Sumatra / Padang highlands - Sacred / spirit
  14. Mombum (Komolom Island)Komolom Island (south of Yos Sudarso / Kolepom) - Function not recorded
  15. MuyuMuyu / Upper Kao-Digul / historic Netherlands New Guinea - Restricted
  16. NiasLafau, Nias Island - Function not recorded
  17. Orang DaratManggar, Belitung (Billiton), Bangka–Belitung - Function not recorded
  18. Rote (Roti)Southwest Rote island (off SW Timor), Nusa Tenggara Timur - Play / practical
  19. Sawia locality/dialectSawia / Arso-Tami River / Keerom borderland - Function not recorded
  20. Sundanese (West Java)Sundanese districts, West Java - Function not recorded
  21. Toba Batak, SumatraPlay / practical
  22. TojoTojo coast, Central Sulawesi - Function not recorded
  23. Yei-nan (Yei / Yey)Upper Maro River, Merauke regency, near the PNG border - Restricted

Russia 21

  1. Amur peoples (master У Nikolai Nikolaevich, Khabarovsk)Amur basin / Khabarovsk krai - Play / practical
  2. Chertovy Vorota cave (Rudnaya culture)Primorsky Krai, Dalnegorsk district, Russia; Chertovy Vorota (Devil's Gate) cave, Rudnaya culture (~7000–6500 BP) - Function not recorded
  3. ChukchiChukotka / northeastern Siberia - Weather / fertility magic
  4. EnetsTaimyr / lower Yenisei (forest and tundra Enets) - Weather / fertility magic
  5. EvenEast Siberia / northern Yakutia - Sacred / spirit
  6. Evenki (Amur Evenki)Amur basin (Priamurye), Russian Far East - Weather / fertility magic
  7. Itelmen / Kamchadal / Kovran-TigilWestern Kamchatka / Kovran and Tigil - Function not recorded
  8. KhantyKazym river, Beloyarsky district, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug; dialect terms also from the Salym, Vakh-Vasyugan and Surgut Khanty - Weather / fertility magic
  9. Kondon nephrite blesny / Lower Amur slat-lureKondon / Kondon-Pochta, Lower Amur, Khabarovsk Krai - Function not recorded
  10. Mal'ta (Mal'ta–Buret')Irkutsk Oblast, River Belaya; Mal'ta–Buret' culture (Gravettian-age) - Function not recorded
  11. Mansi / Ob-UgricKhanty-Mansi / Yugra / Berezovsky District - Weather / fertility magic
  12. Medieval Novgorod (Rus')Novgorod the Great (Sophia and Trade sides) - Function not recorded
  13. Nenets reindeer-herding communitiesNorthwest Siberia - Function not recorded
  14. NganasanTaimyr Peninsula / Avam tundra - Weather / fertility magic
  15. Novopokrovka / Novopokrovskoe nephrite blesny leadMiddle Amur / Amur Oblast; Novopokrovka or Novopokrovskoe route - Function not recorded
  16. Sakha (Yakut)Central Yakutia - Play / practical
  17. Sakha (Yakut), OlenekOlenek ulus, northwestern Yakutia - Play / practical
  18. Siberian Eskimo / Chukchi-Eskimo anthology trackChukotka / northeastern Siberia - Play / practical
  19. TeleutBekovo area, Kemerovo Oblast (Teleut homeland, south Siberia) - Play / practical
  20. Tuvan Ensemble / modern Tuvan performance contextTuva - Play / practical
  21. Tuvin (Soyot) rite with Mongol jada-zada parallelsTuva / Soyot and Mongol-Inner Asian jada-zada complex - Weather / fertility magic

United Kingdom 21

  1. Ballycastle / County Antrim and County DownNorth-east Ireland - Play / practical
  2. English country boysEngland - Play / practical
  3. English folk (Suffolk)Suffolk, England - Play / practical
  4. English folk / Ashdown Forest specimenEast Sussex / Ashdown Forest - Function not recorded
  5. English folk / BedfordBedfordshire / Bedford - Function not recorded
  6. English folk / ChichesterWest Sussex / Chichester - Function not recorded
  7. English folk / ClanfieldOxfordshire / Clanfield - Function not recorded
  8. English folk / HemsbyNorfolk / Hemsby - Function not recorded
  9. English folk / IckletonCambridgeshire / Ickleton - Function not recorded
  10. English folk / NeedingworthCambridgeshire / Needingworth - Function not recorded
  11. English folk / NorwichNorfolk / Norwich / St Paul's Parish - Function not recorded
  12. English folk / NottinghamNottinghamshire / Nottingham - Function not recorded
  13. English folk / OtterbourneHampshire / Otterbourne near Winchester - Function not recorded
  14. English folk / St IvesCambridgeshire / St Ives - Function not recorded
  15. English folk / WoodbastwickNorfolk / Woodbastwick - Function not recorded
  16. Gamlingay / Over, CambridgeshireCambridgeshire / Gamlingay or Over - Play / practical
  17. Montgomeryshire, WalesMontgomeryshire / Wales - Play / practical
  18. Oxfordshire, EnglandEngland / Oxfordshire - Function not recorded
  19. Pin Hole CaveCreswell Crags / Derbyshire - Function not recorded
  20. Scotland / Aberdeenshire and KincardineshireScotland - Weather / fertility magic
  21. ScottishScotland - Weather / fertility magic

Japan 18

  1. Ainu, Obihiro Fushiko Kotan source chainHokkaido / Tokachi - Weather / fertility magic
  2. Aomori Kiyou 30 Figure 7 perforated polished-stone-axe / stone-product setAomori/Hokkaido comparative corpus; Aomori Kiyou 30 Fig. 7 and Nakano B crosswalk - Function not recorded
  3. Endo Hiroya site large hera-shaped pendantFujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Endo Hiroya site - Function not recorded
  4. Heiwa site perforated slat no.34Urahoro, Hokkaido, Japan; Heiwa site no. 34 - Function not recorded
  5. Heiwa site stone-axe-shaped pendantUrahoro, Hokkaido, Japan; Heiwa aggregate route - Function not recorded
  6. Ishihara site large hera-shaped pendantYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Ishihara site - Function not recorded
  7. Kurawa siteKurawa site, Hachijo Island, Tokyo, Japan - Function not recorded
  8. Kuwano (Awara, Fukui)Awara City, Fukui Prefecture, Hokuriku (Honshu), Japan; Kuwano site, Early Jomon (~7000–6500 BP) - Function not recorded
  9. Miharadajo site no.432 large hera-shaped pendantShibukawa, Gunma, Japan; Miharadajo site no. 432 - Function not recorded
  10. Mikamine site no.268 slate pendantSendai, Miyagi, Japan; Mikamine site no. 268 - Function not recorded
  11. Mitsugosawa-naka site large hera-shaped pendantTakasaki, Gunma, Japan; Mitsugosawa-naka site pit 75 - Function not recorded
  12. Nokubi site trapezoid pendant-like objectGoto Islands, Nagasaki, Japan; Nokubi site - Function not recorded
  13. Rokkanda Minami Figure 4 no.4 upper-holed stone productItoigawa, Niigata, Japan; Rokkanda Minami site - Function not recorded
  14. Sannai-Maruyama official stone pendant 9530Aomori, Japan; Sannai-Maruyama official object 9530 - Function not recorded
  15. Sannai-Maruyama short-rectangular pendant leadAomori, Japan; Sannai-Maruyama site, Jomon - Function not recorded
  16. Usukubo site official pendant groupChigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Usukubo site pendant group - Function not recorded
  17. Yamaguchidai site large hera-shaped pendantKawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Yamaguchidai site - Function not recorded
  18. Yoshimine siteTateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan; Yoshimine site, Early Jomon - Function not recorded

Cameroon 17

  1. BafiaBafia country, middle Mbam, Cameroon - Restricted
  2. Bakundu (Mbonge)Southwest Cameroon / Meme Division (Bakundu) - Restricted
  3. Bali (Bali Nyonga)Bali (Bali Nyonga), Cameroon Grassfields - Restricted
  4. Basa / BasaaSouthern Cameroon / Basaa Centre-Littoral region - Sacred / spirit
  5. Eyap / Eghap / BagamBagam / West-Central Cameroon - Restricted
  6. FaliSacred / spirit
  7. Fali of Bao / TinguelinBao / Tinguelin / Benoue / northern Cameroon - Restricted
  8. Garoua site; catalog culture Kirdi and Peul, unresolvedGaroua / Bénoué Department / Northern Cameroon - Restricted
  9. KomaAlantika Mountains / North Cameroon - Restricted
  10. KunduCameroon - Function not recorded
  11. Longmo (Bokko / Voko; Longto language)Voko / Gormaaya / Poli / Faro Department / North Region - Restricted
  12. MafaSoulédé, Mayo-Tsanaga, Mandara Mountains - Function not recorded
  13. MangisaSa'a, Lekie, Centre Region - Restricted
  14. Mboum (Ngan-Ha)Adamaoua / Ngan-Ha - Restricted
  15. MofuMandara Mountains / Gudur, Far North Cameroon - Function not recorded
  16. Ngiemboon / BamougongWest Region / Bamboutos / Bamougong (Batcham district) - Restricted
  17. Samba (Tschamba / Chamba; Samba Leko)Tchamba / Beka / Faro Department / North Region - Restricted

France 17

  1. Abri de Laugerie BasseDordogne / Les Eyzies - Function not recorded
  2. BadegouleDordogne - Function not recorded
  3. Bearn shepherdsBearn / Pyrenees - Play / practical
  4. Bourrouilla (Arancou) caveMagdalenian middle to final, Pyrenees-Atlantiques - Sacred / spirit
  5. Château-ChervixLimousin / Haute-Vienne / Château-Chervix - Function not recorded
  6. European mystics of the Middle Ages (Albigensian / Cathar tradition)Languedoc (medieval Albigensian Europe) - Sacred / spirit
  7. Grotte des Eyzies / Grotte RichardDordogne / Les Eyzies; Magdalenian final attribution - Function not recorded
  8. Isturitz cavePyrenees-Atlantiques / Isturitz level II; Middle Magdalenian - Function not recorded
  9. La Roche de BirolDordogne - Function not recorded
  10. La Vache caveMagdalenian final, Ariege - Sacred / spirit
  11. Le Morin caveMagdalenian final, Gironde - Sacred / spirit
  12. Leonce Mano / Guidanson, CommensacqLandes / Gascogne - Weather / fertility magic
  13. LespugueHaute-Garonne / Pyrenees - Function not recorded
  14. Lortet caveMagdalenian IV-VI (Hautes-Pyrenees) - Sacred / spirit
  15. Raymonden / ChanceladeDordogne / Chancelade; Magdalenian superior - Function not recorded
  16. Saint Marcel pendantSaint-Marcel, Indre - Function not recorded
  17. Saint-Hippolyte / Louis MartinSaint-Hippolyte, Charente-Maritime - Play / practical

Nigeria 16

  1. BiniBenin Kingdom / later Edo State - Restricted
  2. Egba (Yoruba)Abeokuta (Egba) - Restricted
  3. Ekkpe / Ekpe society (Ibibio-Efik-Ekoi spread)Eastern Nigeria / Cross River-Calabar-Ibibio-Ekoi region - Restricted
  4. EsanEsanland / Edo State - Restricted
  5. Gwana Jukun and neighboring Dodo-cult communitiesCentral Nigeria / Gwana Jukun area - Restricted
  6. Gwari (Gbagyi)Gbagyi homeland (Niger State / FCT Abuja) - Sacred / spirit
  7. HausaKatsina, northern Nigeria - Play / practical
  8. Igbo / IboSouthern Nigeria / Igbo country - Restricted
  9. KambariNorthern Provinces of Nigeria - Play / practical
  10. Lower Ijaw (Ijo / Izon), Noin-nama cultCentral Niger Delta / Ijo (Ijaw) country - Sacred / spirit
  11. NunguNassarawa Province, Northern Nigeria - Play / practical
  12. Sama (Dakka / Samba Daka; Sama Mum)Sugu / Tsugu / Ganye LGA / Adamawa State - Restricted
  13. TivBenue valley - Weather / fertility magic
  14. Verre / MomiAdamawa / Cholli Verre region - Restricted
  15. Yoruba countryRestricted
  16. Yoruba watchman, Katsa (riverine Nupe country)Katsa, a Kede/Nupe creek-side trading village near Egga on the Niger, Bida Emirate, Niger Province, Northern Nigeria (now Niger State) - Sacred / spirit

Peru 11

  1. Aguano; Lamisto; TschamikuroNortheastern Peru - Play / practical
  2. Cashinahua (Kaxinawá)Upper Purús/Juruá - Function not recorded
  3. Chapra (Shapra; historical Candoshi-Shapra label)Pushaga-Sicuanga tributaries of the Morona River - Play / practical
  4. Huitoto (source label; subtype unspecified)Peruvian Amazon / Loreto - Play / practical
  5. KampaNortheastern Peru / Montana - Play / practical
  6. KashiboNortheastern Peru - Restricted
  7. KotoNortheastern Peru - Play / practical
  8. MatsigenkaUrubamba River, Ucayali - Function not recorded
  9. Nomatsigenga (Campa Nomatsiguenga)Pangoa and Sonomoro valleys, Satipo, Junin (Selva Central montana) - Function not recorded
  10. PanoboNortheastern Peru - Play / practical
  11. Shipibo-ConiboYarinacocha / Ucayali - Function not recorded

China 9

  1. Beifudi (Phase 1)Yixian County, Baoding, Hebei; Beifudi site, Phase 1 (~8000–7000 BP), Taihang piedmont - Function not recorded
  2. Chahai (Xinglongwa culture)Liaoning, Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County; Chahai site, Xinglongwa culture horizon (~8000–7600 BP) - Function not recorded
  3. Niudaokou village / Baodi leadNiudaokou, Baodi District, Tianjin, China - Function not recorded
  4. Turfan Uyghur (Turki), Kara KhojaKara Khoja (Qara Chodscha / Gaochang), Turfan oasis, Xinjiang - Play / practical
  5. Xiaonanshan (Raohe)Raohe County, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang; Xiaonanshan site on the Ussuri River, early jade horizon (~9200–8600 BP) - Function not recorded
  6. Xibenbaoleng (Bairin Right Banner)Bairin Right Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; Xibenbaoleng tomb, Xinglongwa culture (~8200–7400 BP) - Function not recorded
  7. Xinglonggou (Aohan Banner)Aohan Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; Xinglonggou site, Xinglongwa culture (~8000 BP) - Function not recorded
  8. Xinglongwa (type-site)Aohan Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; Xinglongwa site, type-site of the Xinglongwa culture (~8200–7400 BP) - Function not recorded
  9. Yi / Nisu of Hecamo or Heichamo villageYunnan / Ailao Mountains / Xinping - Sacred / spirit

Mali 9

  1. BamanaSegou region, middle Niger (eastern Bamana) - Sacred / spirit
  2. BambaraBambara / Mali - Restricted
  3. Bozo (Nouhoun-Bozo)Mopti Region / Djenne-Tenenkou area - Play / practical
  4. Bwa (Bwaba)Black Volta / San-Tominian, Mali-Burkina border - Restricted
  5. Djenné, MaliMopti Region / Djenne - Function not recorded
  6. Dogon / Awa societyBandiagara / Sanga - Restricted
  7. Dogon / SongoSongo / Bandiagara escarpment / Mopti region / French Sudan - Function not recorded
  8. Dogon, Yougo Dogorou (Bandiagara escarpment)Yougo Dogorou, Bandiagara escarpment, Mopti region (French Sudan at the time of the Dakar-Djibouti mission) - Restricted
  9. Kouroumba / YoroYoro / Mopti region / French Sudan - Play / practical

Spain 9

  1. Aitzbitarte IV caveMagdalenian Cantabrian (Errenteria, Gipuzkoa) - Sacred / spirit
  2. Altamira caveCantabria / Altamira; advanced Solutrean or Magdalenian attribution debated - Function not recorded
  3. Bolinkoba caveMagdalenian Cantabrian (Abadiño, Bizkaia) - Sacred / spirit
  4. Carballedo schoolchildrenGalicia / Lugo / Carballedo - Play / practical
  5. El Pendo caveCueva de El Pendo, Cantabria; Magdalenian attribution debated within the corpus - Function not recorded
  6. La Paloma caveAsturias / Soto de Las Regueras; Middle Magdalenian - Function not recorded
  7. León, Castilla y LeónLeon / Castilla y Leon - Play / practical
  8. Navarre, Basque Country, and AragonNavarre / Basque Country / Aragon - Play / practical
  9. Roncal Valley shepherdsEastern Navarre pastoral - Play / practical

Bolivia 8

  1. CavineñoRio Beni / La Paz-Beni - Play / practical
  2. ChacoboEastern Bolivia - Play / practical
  3. ChimaneEastern Bolivia - Play / practical
  4. Chiquitano, including the Churapa attestationSanta Cruz region, eastern Bolivia - Play / practical
  5. GuarayuEastern Bolivia - Play / practical
  6. ItonamaEastern Bolivia - Function not recorded
  7. Wéhnayey / WichíRío Pilcomayo, Provincia Gran Chaco, Tarija - Play / practical
  8. YuracareEastern Bolivia - Play / practical

Mexico 8

  1. Bahía de los Ángeles burial cave, Baja CaliforniaBahia de Los Angeles, Baja California - Function not recorded
  2. Comcaac (Seri), Bahia de KinoBahia de Kino (Kino Bay), Hermosillo Municipality, Sonora - Function not recorded
  3. Comcaac (Seri), Isla TiburónSonora / Isla Tiburon - Function not recorded
  4. KiliwaBaja California (Arroyo Leon area) - Sacred / spirit
  5. Lacandon; MayaCentral America / Yucatan - Play / practical
  6. Mesbilja (people not named)Mesbilja, Oxchuc, Chiapas - Function not recorded
  7. OtomiTexcatepec, Veracruz - Play / practical
  8. Seri / Comcaac-associated contemporary Bufo ceremonySonora / Seri-Comcaac territory - Sacred / spirit

Turkey 8

  1. Aziziye Köyü, Burdur, TurkeyBurdur / Aziziye Koyu - Play / practical
  2. Çakmak Köyü, Edirne, TurkeyEdirne / Cakmak Koyu - Play / practical
  3. ÇatalhöyükKonya Plain / Central Anatolia - Function not recorded
  4. Eldivon, Çankırı (Turkey)Cankiri / Eldivon - Play / practical
  5. Göbekli TepePre-Pottery Neolithic southeastern Anatolia - Function not recorded
  6. Hasankeyf HöyükUpper Tigris / Batman region - Function not recorded
  7. Körtik TepeUpper Tigris / southeastern Anatolia - Function not recorded
  8. Phrygian Cybele / Mt DindymonPhrygia / Mysia (Cyzicus region; Hellenistic aetiology) - Sacred / spirit

Vanuatu 8

  1. Ambrym / AmbrymeseAmbrym / New Hebrides - Restricted
  2. Araga (Pentecost Island), New HebridesNew Hebrides - Play / practical
  3. Lambumbu / Vinmavis districtCentral-west Malekula / Lambumbu - Restricted
  4. Maewo (Aoba), New HebridesNew Hebrides - Play / practical
  5. Malekula (Nivivbur)Malekula, Vanuatu - Restricted
  6. Merlav / Merelava, Banks IslandsSacred / spirit
  7. Mota, Banks IslandsSacred / spirit
  8. Vanua Lava, Banks IslandsBanks Islands, New Hebrides - Play / practical

Malaysia 7

  1. East-coast MalaysEast-coast Malay states (Pahang-Terengganu-Kelantan) - Play / practical
  2. Iban (Sea Dayak)Sarawak rivers, Sea Dayak country - Play / practical
  3. Kenyah / KlemantanSarawak / Baram River District - Weather / fertility magic
  4. Kenyah-BadangUpper Rejang River / Belaga District, Sarawak - Play / practical
  5. Kintak Bong / Semang NegritoPerak / Ulu Selama / Lubok Tapah - Play / practical
  6. Narom (?), Lower Baram, SarawakSarawak / ?Narom - Play / practical
  7. Semaq Beri (Evans's 'Sakai-Jakun'), Tekai RiverTekai River, Jerantut district, Pahang - Function not recorded

Colombia 6

  1. Cubeo (Kobeua / Kubeo)Upper Vaupés / Cuduiarí and Querarí rivers - Restricted
  2. Cubeo (Kubeo)Cuduyari River / Vaupes - Sacred / spirit
  3. DesanaVaupés / upper Rio Negro cultural region - Sacred / spirit
  4. Kagaba (Kogi)Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta - Play / practical
  5. Noanamá (Waunana / Wounaan)Isla de Munguidó, San Juan River, Chocó - Play / practical
  6. Pueblo Kisgo (Kizgo)Manzanal / Resguardo Indigena de Kisgo / Silvia / Cauca - Play / practical

Kenya 6

  1. AkambaUkamba, British East Africa - Play / practical
  2. KikuyuCentral Kenya / Southern Kikuyu - Play / practical
  3. KikuyuHistoric Munge district / likely Mutira, Kirinyaga - Play / practical
  4. KipsigisKericho highlands, Kenya - Restricted
  5. Mijikenda (Wanika / Nyika)Coastal hinterland behind Mombasa (Kaya forests) - Sacred / spirit
  6. NandiNandi / British East Africa - Restricted

South Africa 6

  1. |'Auni and ‡Khomani Bushmen (San), southern KalahariSouthern Kalahari (Gordonia district, Northern Cape), around Twee Rivieren - Function not recorded
  2. |Xam BushmenNorthern Cape / |Xam Bushman source region - Weather / fertility magic
  3. Doring River rock-art shelterCederberg / Doring River valley - Sacred / spirit
  4. Kaffir / Amakosa / XhosaRestricted
  5. Korana (!Kora Khoekhoe)Middle Orange River (!Kora country) - Play / practical
  6. Matjes River rock shelterSouthern Cape / Matjes River mouth near Keurboomstrand (Plettenberg Bay) - Function not recorded

Angola 5

  1. Chokwe (Tsokwe)N.O. Angola (Lunda/Moxico Chokwe heartland) - Play / practical
  2. Humbi and HandaSouth-western Angola / Huila - Restricted
  3. Kongo (Bakongo)San Salvador / Mbanza Kongo - Play / practical
  4. OvimbunduElende, central Angola - Play / practical
  5. Southern Angola (Powell-Cotton collection)Angola (Portuguese West Africa) - Function not recorded

Gabon 5

  1. BambaOkondja, Haut-Ogooue - Play / practical
  2. Fang (Amvam)Woleu-Ntem / Oyem - Restricted
  3. Fang (Pangwe)Rio Muni / N Gabon / S Kamerun - Sacred / spirit
  4. GabonGabon - Function not recorded
  5. Kwele / BakweleMakokou / Haut-Ivindo - Restricted

Germany 5

  1. Black Forest folk survival (unnamed group)Black Forest / Schwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg - Play / practical
  2. Boys below school age at GutzlaffshagenGut Gutzlafshagen / modern Gutzlaffshagen near Garz / Rugen - Play / practical
  3. Boys of StolzenauStolzenau / Kingdom of Hanover / modern Lower Saxony - Play / practical
  4. Pritzerber See / HavellandPritzerber See, Havelland; Late Paleolithic (14000-10000 v. Chr.) - Function not recorded
  5. StellmoorNorthern Germany / Ahrensburg culture - Function not recorded

Argentina 4

  1. Eastern Mataco (Wichí), Bermejo RiverGran Chaco / Bermejo River - Play / practical
  2. Mbyá-GuaraníMisiones - Play / practical
  3. Northern Patagonia / Tehuelche-Gunun a Kena / Patagonian-Pampas plaque-hacha corpusNorthern Patagonia / Pampa / Bahia San Blas and related plaque-hacha find regions - Sacred / spirit
  4. VilelaEastern Chaco - Play / practical

Burkina Faso 4

  1. BoboBobo-Dioulasso region, western Burkina Faso - Restricted
  2. Gan (Kaan / Kaansa)Southwest Burkina Faso / Loropeni Department - Restricted
  3. KassenaKoumbili, Pô subdivision, southern Burkina Faso - Weather / fertility magic
  4. Tusia / ToussianTusia/Toussian country, southwest Burkina Faso - Restricted

Ethiopia 4

  1. AmharaGondar, Amhara - Weather / fertility magic
  2. Burji (D'aashi / Daashi)Burji highlands / southern Ethiopia - Sacred / spirit
  3. Gedeo (historically Darassa / Darasa)Gedeo highlands / southern Ethiopia - Restricted
  4. Kusume (Kusuma / Kusumi; historically Gato)Gatoland / southern Ethiopia - Play / practical

Philippines 4

  1. Bontoc / BontokMountain Province, Luzon - Sacred / spirit
  2. IfugaoNorthern Luzon / Eastern Lepanto / Northern Nueva Vizcaya - Play / practical
  3. Sagada (Lepanto-Bontok / Northern Kankanay Igorot), Mountain Province, LuzonSagada, western Mountain Province, Cordillera Central, northern Luzon (Northern Kankanay / former Lepanto territory) - Play / practical
  4. Tinguian / PatocAbra / Patoc / Luzon - Play / practical

Taiwan 4

  1. AmisEastern Taiwan - Play / practical
  2. SakizayaGuo Fu Community / Hualien City - Play / practical
  3. Tainan, TaiwanTainan - Play / practical
  4. TsouCentral Mountain Range / Alishan-Tsou area - Weather / fertility magic

Venezuela 4

  1. Piaroa / WothujaMiddle and upper Orinoco / Amazonas - Restricted
  2. PumeLlanos, Venezuela - Function not recorded
  3. SanumáYanomami (Sanumá), upper Orinoco/Caura - Function not recorded
  4. Waika (Yanoama; today’s Yanomami)Upper Orinoco / Mahekodotedi (El Platanal) - Play / practical

Zambia 4

  1. Lala (baLala), Chibale chiefdom, Serenje DistrictChibale chiefdom, southwest Serenje District, Central Province - Sacred / spirit
  2. LambaCopperbelt / Lambaland, Zambia-Katanga border - Play / practical
  3. Luvale / Solochi VillageSolochi Village, Chavuma / former Zambezi District, North-Western Province - Restricted
  4. Ndembu / Wukengi Farm / Nyaluhana vicinageWukengi Farm / Nyaluhana vicinage, Mwinilunga District, North-Western Province - Restricted

Chad 3

  1. Goula Iro of Boum KabirBoum Kabir, north shore of Lake Iro, southeastern Chad - Restricted
  2. Mundang (Moundang)Lere region, SW Chad / N Cameroon - Sacred / spirit
  3. Tupuri (Toupouri)SW Chad / N Cameroon (Mayo-Kebbi) - Function not recorded

Cote d'Ivoire 3

  1. Dan / western Cote d'Ivoire and northeastern LiberiaDan country (western Cote d'Ivoire / northeastern Liberia) - Restricted
  2. Gban (Gagou), departement d'OumeDepartement d'Oume, centre-ouest Cote d'Ivoire - Sacred / spirit
  3. Senufo (Senoufo)Korhogo-Boundiali, northern Cote d'Ivoire / SE Mali - Restricted

Croatia 3

  1. Children of Cittanova / NovigradCittanova / modern Novigrad / Istria - Play / practical
  2. Shepherds and herders around Lake Arsa; people unrecordedLake Arsa / modern Cepicko polje below Ucka / Istria - Play / practical
  3. Vrbnik, Krk IslandKrk Island (Bodulija), Primorje-Gorski Kotar - Function not recorded

Egypt 3

  1. Egypt; Winifred Susan Blackman collectionEgypt / Nile Valley - Function not recorded
  2. Greek Orphic / Dionysian contextGurob / Fayum - Restricted
  3. Ptolemaic Greco-Egyptian cult attendantFayum - Sacred / spirit

Greece 3

  1. Ancient Greece / Dionysiac mysteriesRestricted
  2. Athenian Sabazios mysteries (Glaukothea / Aeschines)Classical Athens, mid-4th c. BCE - Restricted
  3. Modern Greek folk traditionGreece; country-wide folk-instrument attestation, locality unrecorded - Function not recorded

Greenland 3

  1. InughuitWhale Sound, Inglefield Gulf, - Play / practical
  2. Tunumiit (Ammassalik Inuit), East GreenlandAmmassalik district, Groenland oriental (East Greenland) - Play / practical
  3. Tunumiit, Clavering Island (Northeast Greenland)Northeast Greenland / Tunu - Function not recorded

Guinea 3

  1. KissiKissidougou-Guéckédou / Forest Guinea - Restricted
  2. Kono (Guinea)Guinee forestiere (Lola region), Haute-Guinee francaise - Restricted
  3. TomaNzerekore - Restricted

Italy 3

  1. MistrettaSicily / Messina Province - Sacred / spirit
  2. Piedmontese folk (rombo)Piedmont (Riva presso Chieri; Cambiano) - Play / practical
  3. Venetian and Friulian rural folk, north-eastern ItalyProvince Venete and Friuli (Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions, north-eastern Italy) - Sacred / spirit

Namibia 3

  1. Brandberg rock paintingsBrandberg / Damaraland - Sacred / spirit
  2. Ju|'hoansi / !KungTsintsabis / Oshivelo and wider Kalahari source chain - Restricted
  3. Uukwaluudhi / OwamboOwamboland / Omusati region - Restricted

Republic of the Congo 3

  1. Bembe (Babembe, Congo-Brazzaville)Bouenza / Mouyondzi plateau (Lower-Congo cluster) - Play / practical
  2. Kuyu / KouyouKouyougandza / Cuvette - Play / practical
  3. Teke (Bateke)Batéké Plateau - Restricted

Sweden 3

  1. Bieve Niila at the Basseuk'sa/Ganiiuk'sa bird-stone and cave sacred placeBASSEUK'SA / GANIIUK'SA, Small Lule River / Tarrekaise sacred-site narrative - Sacred / spirit
  2. Lund, Helgonabacken (urban find)Lund / Skåne - Play / practical
  3. Scania young menScania / Skåne - Sacred / spirit

Benin 2

  1. Yoruba / Abomey regionAbomey region / Zou Department / Dahomey - Function not recorded
  2. Yoruba / MitroMitro, Oueme Department - Sacred / spirit

Central African Republic 2

  1. BaAka (Aka), Kenyé campSangha forest - Play / practical
  2. BandaBangassou / Ubangi region, CAR - Restricted

Democratic Republic of Congo 2

  1. LeeleKasai / Leele country - Function not recorded
  2. LubaLuba country / Tambo register note - Function not recorded

El Salvador 2

  1. LencaUsulután, El Salvador - Function not recorded
  2. Pipil (Nahua-Pipil)Nahuizalco, Sonsonate - Sacred / spirit

Hungary 2

  1. Hajdúszoboszló, Hajdú countyHajdú district, Kingdom of Hungary - Play / practical
  2. Kissziget, Zala county (Goecsej Hungarian folk)Zala county (Goecsej region) - Play / practical

Madagascar 2

  1. SakalavaSW Madagascar, districts of Beroroha and Sakaraha - Play / practical
  2. TanalaEastern forest escarpment, Fianarantsoa (Ifanadiana-Ikongo) - Play / practical

Netherlands 2

  1. Alkmaar, North HollandNorth Holland / Alkmaar - Play / practical
  2. Groningen folk (snorrebot)Groningen province (NE-Netherlands dialect belt) - Play / practical

New Zealand 2

  1. Maori / AotearoaAotearoa / New Zealand - Sacred / spirit
  2. Ngati Porou (Maori iwi)East Cape / Waiapu Valley, North Island - Weather / fertility magic

Norway 2

  1. Norwegian fishermenNorwegian fjords - Weather / fertility magic
  2. Tuv at Saltstraumen, Bodø MunicipalityNordland / Saltstraumen - Function not recorded

Poland 2

  1. Children or users of Ratzebuhr otherwise unrecordedRatzebuhr / Kreis Neustettin / Hinterpommern / modern Okonek - Function not recorded
  2. Marienwerder / Kwidzyn regionWest Prussia - Play / practical

Romania 2

  1. Hungarian-speaking children in AradArad / Maros (Mures) embankment - Play / practical
  2. Székely Hungarian children (Esztelnek)Covasna / Esztelnek (Estelnic) - Play / practical

Senegal 2

  1. BassariEtyolo, Kedougou - Function not recorded
  2. BedikRestricted

Sierra Leone 2

  1. SherbroSherbro Island, Bonthe District - Restricted
  2. Timne, Mabum (Sierra Leone)Northern Province / Mabum - Function not recorded

Sri Lanka 2

  1. Ceylon / Sri LankaCeylon - Sacred / spirit
  2. SinhaleseCeylon (Colombo, Anuradhapura) - Play / practical

Switzerland 2

  1. Basel fair-goers (folk survival, unnamed group)Basel, Switzerland - Play / practical
  2. Swiss folk tradition; Ticino nameTicino / Switzerland-wide folk tradition - Play / practical

Thailand 2

  1. Jalor (Yala) MalaysPatani region, Kampong Jalor (Yala, S. Thailand) - Play / practical
  2. Southern LisuNorthern Thailand / eastern Shan Southern Lisu dialect range - Sacred / spirit

Ukraine 2

  1. Ukraine Paleolithic claimUkraine, site not specified by Gregor - Function not recorded
  2. Ukrainians (Volyn)Volyn / Kovel - Play / practical

Algeria 1

  1. Arab (Saharan)Saharan Algeria - Play / practical

Argentina; Paraguay; Bolivia 1

  1. Mataco; Choroti; AshluslayGran Chaco - Play / practical

Aruba 1

  1. Aruba IslandCircum-Caribbean - Play / practical

Bangladesh 1

  1. Unknown Chittagong District groupChittagong District - Play / practical

Belize 1

  1. Mopan MayaToledo District - Play / practical

Bolivia; Argentina; Paraguay 1

  1. Chiriguano and ChaneGran Chaco / Eastern Bolivia - Play / practical

Botswana 1

  1. G/wi and G//anaCentral Kalahari Reserve - Play / practical

Botswana / South Africa 1

  1. Tswana (Batswana)Tswana country (SE Botswana / NW South Africa) - Play / practical

Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela 1

  1. BaniwaNorthwestern Brazil / Rio Negro - Function not recorded

Brazil; Paraguay 1

  1. Mbaya-CaduveoGran Chaco / Paraguay River - Sacred / spirit

Brazil; Peru; Colombia 1

  1. TukunaUpper Amazon - Function not recorded

Bulgaria 1

  1. Bulgarian folk traditionBulgaria - Play / practical

Chile 1

  1. MapucheAraucanía, Chile - Sacred / spirit

Colombia; Panama 1

  1. ChocoChoco / Darien - Play / practical

Colombia; Venezuela 1

  1. MotilonesCircum-Caribbean / Sierra de Perija - Restricted

Cook Islands 1

  1. AitutakiAitutaki - Play / practical

Costa Rica 1

  1. Maleku (Guatuso), Rio Frio basinRio Frio basin / northern Costa Rica - Sacred / spirit

Cote dIvoire 1

  1. Baule and GuroBaule Guro country - Restricted

Cuba 1

  1. Afro-Cuban orisha worship / Oro-derived cultCuba - Sacred / spirit

Cyprus 1

  1. CypriotCyprus (Bronze Age) - Function not recorded

Czech Republic 1

  1. Dolní Věstonice–Pavlov–Předmostí (Pavlovian)Moravia; Pavlovian (eastern Gravettian) - Function not recorded

Denmark 1

  1. Kongemose / KongemosenAamose / western Zealand - Function not recorded

Ecuador 1

  1. Atshuana (source spelling)Morona Santiago Province - Play / practical

Estonia 1

  1. Estonians / Karja parishKarja parish, Saaremaa - Play / practical

Finland 1

  1. Finnish (Savonian-settled Ostrobothnia), Sarjankylä village, NivalaPohjois-Pohjanmaa (North Ostrobothnia) / Nivala - Play / practical

France / Spain 1

  1. Basque children and rural usersBasque Country / Alava, Lekeitio, Sara - Play / practical

Greenland (Denmark) 1

  1. Tunumiit (East Greenland Inuit)Tasiilaq (Ammassalik), East Greenland - Play / practical

Guyana 1

  1. WaiwaiEssequibo headwaters - Function not recorded

Honduras 1

  1. San Marcos, Santa BárbaraSanta Bárbara department - Play / practical

India / Pakistan (undivided Punjab at time of source) 1

  1. Punjabi Dalit communities historically recorded as “Chuhra”Punjab villages (undivided Punjab) - Play / practical

Indonesia (Papua) 1

  1. Boven-Bian Marind (Ezam-Oezoem cult)Upper Bian River, kampong Mandoem, Merauke - Restricted

Indonesia / Papua New Guinea borderlands 1

  1. Kaya-Kaya / TugeriDutch New Guinea near British territory - Restricted

Iraq 1

  1. Erbil TurkmensErbil Governorate / Iraqi Kurdistan - Play / practical

Ireland 1

  1. Maynooth, Co. Kildare (Ireland)Irish Folklife Collection / Maynooth donor metadata - Play / practical

Israel 1

  1. Nahal Hemar CaveJudean Desert / Dead Sea region - Function not recorded

Lesotho 1

  1. SothoLesotho / South Africa - Play / practical

Malawi 1

  1. Blantyre, MalawiBlantyre - Function not recorded

Malaysia / Thailand 1

  1. Patani Malay boatman, Kuala Langat / SelangorKuala Langat District, Selangor (Federated Malay States, British Malaya) - Play / practical

Mali / Guinea 1

  1. Malinke / Bambara (Bamana) secret societies — Komo (Komang/Koma), Nama and allied cultsUpper Niger between the upper Senegal and the Bani ("Central Mandingo" country) - Restricted

Morocco 1

  1. Mogador environs (modern Essaouira)Atlantic Morocco / Mogador environs - Play / practical

Myanmar 1

  1. Tangkhul NagaSomra Tract, Naga Hills - Sacred / spirit

Namibia; Angola 1

  1. Kwanyama / OwamboUukwanyama / Kwanyama region - Restricted

New Zealand (Chatham Islands) 1

  1. Moriori (burial-ground find, Okawa)Okawa near Kaingaroa, Chatham Island - Function not recorded

Nicaragua 1

  1. MiskitoRío Coco (Wanks River) - Function not recorded

Nigeria / Cameroon 1

  1. Ekoi / EjaghamCross River / Oban District - Restricted

Palau 1

  1. Pur / Pulo Anna, Sonsorol StateSouthwest Islands / Pulo Anna (Pur), Sonsorol State - Function not recorded

Peru; Brazil 1

  1. OmaguaNortheastern Peru / Upper Amazon - Play / practical

Peru; Colombia 1

  1. BoraNorthwestern Amazon / Peru - Play / practical

Poland / Ukraine 1

  1. Poles and Ruthenians on the San River, GaliciaGalicia / San River - Play / practical

Portugal 1

  1. PortugalPortugal - Play / practical

Samoa 1

  1. Samoan childrenSamoan Islands - Play / practical

Serbia 1

  1. Torzsa (today Savino Selo), Danube Swabian German villagersBácska (Bács-Bodrog county), Kingdom of Hungary - Play / practical

Slovakia 1

  1. Slovak villages around MalaczkaWest slope of the Little Carpathians around Malaczka (now Malacky) - Play / practical

Slovenia 1

  1. Slovenia (maker and locality not recorded)Slovenia - Play / practical

Solomon Islands 1

  1. Florida / Nggela, Solomon IslandsRestricted

South Africa / Botswana / Namibia 1

  1. Bushmen / SanWeather / fertility magic

Sudan 1

  1. Masakin (Mesakin, Nuba)South Kordofan - Play / practical

Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil 1

  1. Oayana (Wayana), Guiana borderlandsLitani, Paloemeu-Tapanahoni, Jari and Paru borderlands - Sacred / spirit

Suriname; Guyana; French Guiana 1

  1. CaribGuiana / Circum-Caribbean - Restricted

Sweden / Norway (Finnskogen belt) 1

  1. Forest Finns (metsäsuomalaiset)Värmland–Hedmark Finnskogen (Forest Finn settlement belt) - Play / practical

Tanzania 1

  1. Wanjika (Unjika highland)Unjika highland / historic Rukwa district - Play / practical

Timor-Leste 1

  1. Makasae (Makasai)Baguia, Baucau District, East Timor - Function not recorded

Togo 1

  1. Yoruba (Ana-Ife) of Togoland, around Atakpame, central TogoGerman Togoland (central plateau, Atakpame country); modern central Togo - Function not recorded

Uganda 1

  1. UgandaUganda - Play / practical

United Kingdom (Scotland) 1

  1. Scottish Highlands folk (Argyllshire)Argyllshire (W Highlands); also seen in use in Edinburgh - Play / practical

United States (Alaska) 1

  1. Ingalik (Deg Hit'an), lower Yukon / Innoko River, interior AlaskaDeg Hit'an (Ingalik) territory, lower Yukon and Innoko rivers, Anvik-Shageluk-Holy Cross region, interior Alaska - Play / practical

Zimbabwe 1

  1. Lendy 1 rock-art siteMashonaland East / Marondera - Function not recorded