The Bullroarer Atlas

EXH2026-017 - secondary catalog

Bangelima (Ngelima)

Democratic Republic of the Congo - NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Central Africa

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A plain dark leaf-shaped wooden lath, unmarked apart from a long split, with plant-fibre cord wound in several turns through a hole at its...
Representative image. A plain dark leaf-shaped wooden lath, unmarked apart from a long split, with plant-fibre cord wound in several turns through a hole at its narrow end and trailing off in loose strands: an African bullroarer of the general type, not the Bangelima (Ngelima) instrument documented here. © The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Af1913-0712-7) CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Image source

Source term: rhombe

The Bangelima (Ngelima), a Bantu-speaking people of the northeastern Congo forest, appear in the record of the bullroarer not through any rite documented among them directly, but as one name in a list. Writing on the secret societies of the Belgian Congo, Édouard de Jonghe traced a tribal-initiation complex carrying the rhombe — the spinning blade whose droning, in Bertil Söderberg's words, "frightens the uninitiated" — across the belt of peoples neighbouring the Babali, the same forest world that produced the Mambela initiation society and the leopard-men. De Jonghe set the Bangelima among the Bakumu, Babira, Wanyanza, Barundi, Bapopoi, Wagenia, and Lokele as groups where, with local variants, the complex recurred. By the time Söderberg compiled his survey of Lower Congo instruments in 1956 the bullroarer there had largely sunk to a child's plaything, its terrifying character explained, he noted, by the simple danger of the blade flying off its cord into a bystander's face. What the rhombe meant inside Bangelima initiation specifically is not recorded; the people enter the account as part of a shared inventory of rites.

de Jonghe a souligné que le rhombe est lié au complexe d'initiation tribale qui «se rencontre avec quelques variantes chez les voisins des Babali: Bakumu, Babira, Wanyanza, Bangelima, Barundi, Bapopoi, Wagenia et Lokele».

de Jonghe stressed that the bullroarer is bound up with the tribal-initiation complex which "is found, with a few variants, among the neighbours of the Babali: Bakumu, Babira, Wanyanza, Bangelima, Barundi, Bapopoi, Wagenia and Lokele."

Söderberg 1956:184-185, quoting de Jonghe 1936:62-63
Object
Rhombe, the spinning blade of the northeastern Congo tribal-initiation complex.
Function
Rhombe tied to the tribal initiation complex of the Babali and their neighbours (de Jonghe).
Map confidence
medium - Ngelima country, Banalia area
Source location
Soderberg pp. 184-185; de Jonghe 1936 pp. 62-63

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