The Bullroarer Atlas

MUS2026-147 - ethnographic attestation

Dan / western Cote d'Ivoire and northeastern Liberia

Dan country (western Cote d'Ivoire - northeastern Liberia) - West Africa

Restricted

Representative context—not this record’s object: a Baule bonu amuin mask from Côte d’Ivoire, danced to bullroarer sound.
Representative context—not this record’s object: a Baule bonu amuin mask from Côte d’Ivoire, danced to bullroarer sound. Smithsonian NMNH, Department of Anthropology, E435357 (gift of Allen and Barbara Davis) Image source

Source term: rhombe

rhombe: the French source term for the bullroarer.

Among the Dan of the Côte d’Ivoire–Liberia frontier, some masks had no face at all. These “naked masks” existed only as sound: a wooden board spun at the end of a cord replaced the human voice, while non-initiates were forbidden to see what produced it.

un rhombe, planchette en bois que l'on fait tournoyer au bout d'une corde

a rhombe, a wooden board that is twirled at the end of a cord

Introduction generale aux musiques d'Afrique noire, Dan section.
Object
Cord-whirled wooden board used as the voice of a sound-mask.
Function
For certain Dan 'naked masks' that are exclusively sonic, the rhombe replaces a human voice; non-initiates must not see the instrument.
Map confidence
low_medium - Man / Tonkpi regional anchor for the western Cote d'Ivoire portion of the broad Dan country named by the source; not a source-named village or findspot.
Source location
Dan section of online source (accessed 2026-07-10)

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