The Bullroarer Atlas

SCHMELTZ1896-001 - related instrument

Java

Indonesia - Java - Southeast Asia

Play / practical

Schmeltz's 1896 comparative plate lines up dozens of Schwirrhölzer side by side — spun toys and roarers from Brazil, Australia, New Guinea,...
Schmeltz's 1896 comparative plate lines up dozens of Schwirrhölzer side by side — spun toys and roarers from Brazil, Australia, New Guinea, Africa and elsewhere. The Java specimen documented here is fig. 24, a small spinning toy rather than a true bullroarer. J. D. E. Schmeltz, 'Das Schwirrholz' (Verh. naturf. Ges. Bd. IX, 1896), Tafel Public domain Image source

Kitiran German

Source term: Kitiran / Schwirrholz

Kitiran: a Javanese term for a spinning or whirling toy; here applied to a split-bamboo noise-maker swung on a cord that Schmeltz treated as a child's bullroarer.

Etymology. Schmeltz treats `kitiran` as a Javanese spinning or whirling toy term applied to a bullroarer-like device. (medium confidence)

Surveying bullroarers worldwide in 1896, the ethnographer J. D. E. Schmeltz found only two in the whole Malay Archipelago: a Toba-Batak toy from Sumatra, and a Javanese children's plaything called the kitiran. He worked from an object in the Ethnographical Museum at Leiden, no. 625/2: a thin bamboo stick split halfway down its length, the split halves faced with brown paper cut to a truncated pyramid and marked with two red wavy lines, a square of tin slid onto the rest and tied by a thread to a thicker, longer piece of bamboo. The handling, Schmeltz wrote, was the same as a Schwirrholz, and the effect it produced agreed with one. Nothing in his account ties it to ritual; he files it as a toy and illustrates it on his plate as figure 24.

Die Behandlung ist die gleiche wie beim Schwirrholz und auch die erzielte Wirkung stimmt mit der desselben überein.

The handling is the same as with the bullroarer, and the effect produced agrees with it as well.

Schmeltz 1896:103 (Das Schwirrholz. Versuch einer Monographie)
Object
Java museum object no. 625/2: split bamboo with paper and tin, tied by cord to a larger bamboo handle; Schmeltz says its handling is the same as a Schwirrholz and the achieved effect agrees with it.
Function
Child toy with source-explicit bullroarer handling and sound effect.
Map confidence
medium - Java island regional anchor; source gives Java and a Leiden museum object number, not a collection village or use locality
Source location
Schmeltz 1896 pp. 102-103; plate fig. 24

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