The Bullroarer Atlas

EXH2026-046 - secondary catalog

Andowi (Mangbetu cluster)

Democratic Republic of the Congo - NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Central Africa

Function not recorded

A flat elongated wooden slat with a long cord looped through its pointed end, labelled an Ejagham piece — shown for the general form; the...
Representative image. A flat elongated wooden slat with a long cord looped through its pointed end, labelled an Ejagham piece — shown for the general form; the Andowi's kundrukundru is known only by name, with no photograph. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (1914.26.116) Image source

kundrukundru English

Source term: bullroarer (New Grove cross-entry)

kundrukundru: the Andowi word for the bullroarer.

Etymology. The reduplicated form imitates the instrument's whirring roar (Andowi, Mangbetu cluster). (medium confidence)

Whirled on its cord, this eastern-Congo bullroarer was said to growl like a leopard — a spirit voice raised at circumcision and other secret ceremonies, and kept from the eyes of women and the uninitiated. The Andowi, one of several closely tied peoples of the northeastern Congo, call it kundrukundru, a name that imitates its droning whir; the same word carries across to their Adoi, Amanga and Andebogo neighbours. What the leopard's roar stood in for stayed with the initiated men.

kundrukundru

New Grove / Grove bullroarer term or cross-entry, local audit locator in page_or_plate
Object
Bullroarer; recorded for the Andowi only by its name, kundrukundru.
Function
Source-checked bullroarer term/cross-entry for the Andowi; wider regional ritual context is not row-specific in the recovered evidence.
Map confidence
low_medium - Mangbetu-area microgroup, approximate
Source location
New Grove / Grove, Andowi entry (term kundrukundru)

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