The Bullroarer Atlas

164 records · Africa

Bullroarer records — Africa

Source-backed bullroarer record pages from Africa, grouped by present-day country. Each page keeps the record text, source line, image credit, and a link back to the same point on the interactive map.

Democratic Republic of the Congo 33

  1. Adoi (kundrukundru)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  2. Aimeri (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  3. Amanga (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  4. Andebogo (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  5. Andowi (Mangbetu cluster)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  6. Babali (Bali), IturiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  7. Babira (Bira), IturiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  8. Bagbwa (egburuburu/arumvu-rumvu)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  9. Bakango (Bafwaguda clan / Mbuti)Asunguda-Apare river district / Ituri Forest near Avakubi - Restricted
  10. Bakumu (Komo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  11. Balese (Kalimoholo village)Kilo-Geti goldfields district / Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo - Restricted
  12. Bangba / Ngbaka (Kereboro, Haut-Uele)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Play / practical
  13. Bangelima (Ngelima)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  14. Bapere (Pere)Pere country, North Kivu (Manguredjipa area) - Restricted
  15. Bapopoi (Popoi), AruwimiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  16. Barundi (NE Congo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  17. Bembe (Babembe), South KivuSouth Kivu (Fizi), mountains above Lake Tanganyika - Restricted
  18. BolokiUpper Congo - Play / practical
  19. Bushongo / BushoongKuba / Kasai region - Restricted
  20. KubaKasai (Kuba) - Function not recorded
  21. Lokele, middle Congo RiverNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  22. MamvuNE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  23. MayogoNE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  24. Mbole (Opala)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded
  25. Mbuti (BaMbuti, Ituri Forest "Pygmies")Ituri Forest, northeastern Congo (Ituri Province), DRC - Restricted
  26. Ngbaka minagende (Gemena)Gemena, Sud-Ubangi (then Équateur Region) - Restricted
  27. NyaliNE Congo (Bira borderlands) - Function not recorded
  28. Nyanga (Banyanga), eastern DR CongoNyangaland, North Kivu (Walikale) - Restricted
  29. Sango / Ngbandi (Biaba, Nord-Ubangi)NW DR Congo (northern Zaire per Grove) - Play / practical
  30. Wagenia (Genya), Kisangani rapidsNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  31. Wanyanza (NE Congo)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) - Restricted
  32. Yalemba-Ligasa area, Upper Congo (?Topoke / ?Olombo / ?Lokele)Tshopo Province / Yalemba-Ligasa area - Function not recorded
  33. Zande (Azande)NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Function not recorded

Cameroon 19

  1. BafiaBafia country, middle Mbam, Cameroon - Restricted
  2. Bakundu (Mbonge)Southwest Cameroon / Meme Division (Bakundu) - Restricted
  3. Bali (Bali Nyonga)Bali (Bali Nyonga), Cameroon Grassfields - Restricted
  4. Basa / BasaaSouthern Cameroon / Basaa Centre-Littoral region - Sacred / spirit
  5. Bulu / SangmelimaLobo River / Sangmelima / South Region, former German Kamerun - Function not recorded
  6. Eyap / Eghap / BagamBagam / West-Central Cameroon - Restricted
  7. FaliSacred / spirit
  8. Fali of Bao / TinguelinBao / Tinguelin / Benoue / northern Cameroon - Restricted
  9. Garoua site; catalog culture Kirdi and Peul, unresolvedGaroua / Bénoué Department / Northern Cameroon - Restricted
  10. KomaAlantika Mountains / North Cameroon - Restricted
  11. KunduCameroon - Function not recorded
  12. Longmo (Bokko / Voko; Longto language)Voko / Gormaaya / Poli / Faro Department / North Region - Restricted
  13. MafaSoulédé, Mayo-Tsanaga, Mandara Mountains - Function not recorded
  14. Mangamba / Abo country; ethnic attribution unrecordedAbo country north of the Mungo River / German Kamerun - Function not recorded
  15. MangisaSa'a, Lekie, Centre Region - Restricted
  16. Mboum (Ngan-Ha)Adamaoua / Ngan-Ha - Restricted
  17. MofuMandara Mountains / Gudur, Far North Cameroon - Function not recorded
  18. Ngiemboon / BamougongWest Region / Bamboutos / Bamougong (Batcham district) - Restricted
  19. Samba (Tschamba / Chamba; Samba Leko)Tchamba / Beka / Faro Department / North Region - Restricted

Nigeria 16

  1. BiniBenin Kingdom / later Edo State - Restricted
  2. Egba (Yoruba)Abeokuta (Egba) - Restricted
  3. Ekkpe / Ekpe society (Ibibio-Efik-Ekoi spread)Eastern Nigeria / Cross River-Calabar-Ibibio-Ekoi region - Restricted
  4. EsanEsanland / Edo State - Restricted
  5. Gwana Jukun and neighboring Dodo-cult communitiesCentral Nigeria / Gwana Jukun area - Restricted
  6. Gwari (Gbagyi)Gbagyi homeland (Niger State / FCT Abuja) - Sacred / spirit
  7. HausaKatsina, northern Nigeria - Play / practical
  8. Igbo / IboSouthern Nigeria / Igbo country - Restricted
  9. KambariNorthern Provinces of Nigeria - Play / practical
  10. Lower Ijaw (Ijo / Izon), Noin-nama cultCentral Niger Delta / Ijo (Ijaw) country - Sacred / spirit
  11. NunguNassarawa Province, Northern Nigeria - Play / practical
  12. Sama (Dakka / Samba Daka; Sama Mum)Sugu / Tsugu / Ganye LGA / Adamawa State - Restricted
  13. TivBenue valley - Weather / fertility magic
  14. Verre / MomiAdamawa / Cholli Verre region - Restricted
  15. Yoruba countryRestricted
  16. Yoruba watchman, Katsa (riverine Nupe country)Katsa, a Kede/Nupe creek-side trading village near Egga on the Niger, Bida Emirate, Niger Province, Northern Nigeria (now Niger State) - Sacred / spirit

Mali 9

  1. BamanaSegou region, middle Niger (eastern Bamana) - Sacred / spirit
  2. BambaraBambara / Mali - Restricted
  3. Bozo (Nouhoun-Bozo)Mopti Region / Djenne-Tenenkou area - Play / practical
  4. Bwa (Bwaba)Black Volta / San-Tominian, Mali-Burkina border - Restricted
  5. Djenné, MaliMopti Region / Djenne - Function not recorded
  6. Dogon / Awa societyBandiagara / Sanga - Restricted
  7. Dogon / SongoSongo / Bandiagara escarpment / Mopti region / French Sudan - Function not recorded
  8. Dogon, Yougo Dogorou (Bandiagara escarpment)Yougo Dogorou, Bandiagara escarpment, Mopti region (French Sudan at the time of the Dakar-Djibouti mission) - Restricted
  9. Kouroumba / YoroYoro / Mopti region / French Sudan - Play / practical

Kenya 7

  1. AkambaUkamba, British East Africa - Play / practical
  2. KikuyuCentral Kenya / Southern Kikuyu - Play / practical
  3. KikuyuHistoric Munge district / likely Mutira, Kirinyaga - Play / practical
  4. KipsigisKericho highlands, Kenya - Restricted
  5. Luo adherents of the Mumbo cult, Alego, western KenyaAlego, Central Kavirondo (Siaya) - Sacred / spirit
  6. Mijikenda (Wanika / Nyika)Coastal hinterland behind Mombasa (Kaya forests) - Sacred / spirit
  7. NandiNandi / British East Africa - Restricted

South Africa 7

  1. |'Auni and ‡Khomani Bushmen (San), southern KalahariSouthern Kalahari (Gordonia district, Northern Cape), around Twee Rivieren - Function not recorded
  2. |Xam BushmenNorthern Cape / |Xam Bushman source region - Weather / fertility magic
  3. Doring River rock-art shelterAt least 2,000 years old - Cederberg / Doring River valley - Sacred / spirit
  4. Johannesburg (maker's community unrecorded)Johannesburg / Witwatersrand, Transvaal Colony - Function not recorded
  5. Kaffir / Amakosa / XhosaRestricted
  6. Korana (!Kora Khoekhoe)Middle Orange River (!Kora country) - Play / practical
  7. Matjes River rock shelterc. 9580–5400 BP - Southern Cape / Matjes River mouth near Keurboomstrand (Plettenberg Bay) - Function not recorded

Angola 5

  1. Chokwe (Tsokwe)N.O. Angola (Lunda/Moxico Chokwe heartland) - Play / practical
  2. Humbi and HandaSouth-western Angola / Huila - Restricted
  3. Kongo (Bakongo)San Salvador / Mbanza Kongo - Play / practical
  4. OvimbunduElende, central Angola - Play / practical
  5. Southern Angola (Powell-Cotton collection)Angola (Portuguese West Africa) - Function not recorded

Gabon 5

  1. BambaOkondja, Haut-Ogooue - Play / practical
  2. Fang (Amvam)Woleu-Ntem / Oyem - Restricted
  3. Fang (Pangwe)Rio Muni / N Gabon / S Kamerun - Sacred / spirit
  4. GabonGabon - Function not recorded
  5. Kwele / BakweleMakokou / Haut-Ivindo - Restricted

Namibia 5

  1. Auin (=Auen / Aokhoe) San, Gobabis-EpukiroGobabis-Epukiro / southern Kaukauveld, German South-West Africa - Play / practical
  2. Brandberg rock paintingsc. 4000–2000 BP - Brandberg / Damaraland - Sacred / spirit
  3. Ju|'hoansi / !KungTsintsabis / Oshivelo and wider Kalahari source chain - Restricted
  4. San at Oas (subgroup unrecorded)Oas farm / Omaheke sandveld / Kalahari, German South-West Africa - Sacred / spirit
  5. Uukwaluudhi / OwamboOwamboland / Omusati region - Restricted

Burkina Faso 4

  1. BoboBobo-Dioulasso region, western Burkina Faso - Restricted
  2. Gan (Kaan / Kaansa)Southwest Burkina Faso / Loropeni Department - Restricted
  3. KassenaKoumbili, Pô subdivision, southern Burkina Faso - Weather / fertility magic
  4. Tusia / ToussianTusia/Toussian country, southwest Burkina Faso - Restricted

Ethiopia 4

  1. AmharaGondar, Amhara - Weather / fertility magic
  2. Burji (D'aashi / Daashi)Burji highlands / southern Ethiopia - Sacred / spirit
  3. Gedeo (historically Darassa / Darasa)Gedeo highlands / southern Ethiopia - Restricted
  4. Kusume (Kusuma / Kusumi; historically Gato)Gatoland / southern Ethiopia - Play / practical

Zambia 4

  1. Lala (baLala), Chibale chiefdom, Serenje DistrictChibale chiefdom, southwest Serenje District, Central Province - Sacred / spirit
  2. LambaCopperbelt / Lambaland, Zambia-Katanga border - Play / practical
  3. Luvale / Solochi VillageSolochi Village, Chavuma / former Zambezi District, North-Western Province - Restricted
  4. Ndembu / Wukengi Farm / Nyaluhana vicinageWukengi Farm / Nyaluhana vicinage, Mwinilunga District, North-Western Province - Restricted

Benin 3

  1. WéménuLower Ouémé valley - Restricted
  2. Yoruba / Abomey regionAbomey region / Zou Department / Dahomey - Function not recorded
  3. Yoruba / MitroMitro, Oueme Department - Sacred / spirit

Chad 3

  1. Goula Iro of Boum KabirBoum Kabir, north shore of Lake Iro, southeastern Chad - Restricted
  2. Mundang (Moundang)Lere region, SW Chad / N Cameroon - Sacred / spirit
  3. Tupuri (Toupouri)SW Chad / N Cameroon (Mayo-Kebbi) - Function not recorded

Cote d'Ivoire 3

  1. Dan / western Cote d'Ivoire and northeastern LiberiaDan country (western Cote d'Ivoire / northeastern Liberia) - Restricted
  2. Gban (Gagou), departement d'OumeDepartement d'Oume, centre-ouest Cote d'Ivoire - Play / practical
  3. Senufo (Senoufo)Korhogo-Boundiali, northern Cote d'Ivoire / SE Mali - Restricted

Egypt 3

  1. Egypt; Winifred Susan Blackman collectionEgypt / Nile Valley - Function not recorded
  2. Greek Orphic / Dionysian contextGurob / Fayum - Restricted
  3. Ptolemaic Greco-Egyptian cult attendantFayum - Sacred / spirit

Guinea 3

  1. KissiKissidougou-Guéckédou / Forest Guinea - Restricted
  2. Kono (Guinea)Guinee forestiere (Lola region), Haute-Guinee francaise - Restricted
  3. TomaNzerekore - Restricted

Republic of the Congo 3

  1. Bembe (Babembe, Congo-Brazzaville)Bouenza / Mouyondzi plateau (Lower-Congo cluster) - Play / practical
  2. Kuyu / KouyouKouyougandza / Cuvette - Play / practical
  3. Teke (Bateke)Batéké Plateau - Restricted

Central African Republic 2

  1. BaAka (Aka), Kenyé campSangha forest - Play / practical
  2. BandaBangassou / Ubangi region, CAR - Restricted

Democratic Republic of Congo 2

  1. LeeleKasai / Leele country - Function not recorded
  2. LubaLuba country / Tambo register note - Function not recorded

Madagascar 2

  1. SakalavaSW Madagascar, districts of Beroroha and Sakaraha - Play / practical
  2. TanalaEastern forest escarpment, Fianarantsoa (Ifanadiana-Ikongo) - Play / practical

Malawi 2

  1. Blantyre, MalawiBlantyre - Function not recorded
  2. Konde (Nyakyusa-Ngonde), Malawi-Tanzania borderlandsKonde country, north end of Lake Malawi - Play / practical

Senegal 2

  1. BassariEtyolo, Kedougou - Function not recorded
  2. BedikRestricted

Sierra Leone 2

  1. SherbroSherbro Island, Bonthe District - Restricted
  2. Timne, Mabum (Sierra Leone)Northern Province / Mabum - Function not recorded

Tanzania 2

  1. Pare (Wapare), Pare Mountains, north-eastern TanzaniaPare Mountains - Restricted
  2. Wanjika (Unjika highland)Unjika highland / historic Rukwa district - Play / practical

Algeria 1

  1. Arab (Saharan)Saharan Algeria - Play / practical

Botswana 1

  1. G/wi and G//anaCentral Kalahari Reserve - Play / practical

Botswana / South Africa 1

  1. Tswana (Batswana)Tswana country (SE Botswana / NW South Africa) - Play / practical

Cote dIvoire 1

  1. Baule and GuroBaule Guro country - Restricted

Lesotho 1

  1. SothoLesotho / South Africa - Play / practical

Mali / Guinea 1

  1. Malinke / Bambara (Bamana) secret societies — Komo (Komang/Koma), Nama and allied cultsUpper Niger between the upper Senegal and the Bani ("Central Mandingo" country) - Restricted

Morocco 1

  1. Mogador environs (modern Essaouira)Atlantic Morocco / Mogador environs - Play / practical

Namibia; Angola 1

  1. Kwanyama / OwamboUukwanyama / Kwanyama region - Restricted

Nigeria / Cameroon 1

  1. Ekoi / EjaghamCross River / Oban District - Restricted

South Africa / Botswana / Namibia 1

  1. Bushmen / SanWeather / fertility magic

Sudan 1

  1. Masakin (Mesakin, Nuba)South Kordofan - Play / practical

Togo 1

  1. Yoruba (Ana-Ife) of Togoland, around Atakpame, central TogoGerman Togoland (central plateau, Atakpame country); modern central Togo - Function not recorded

Uganda 1

  1. UgandaUganda - Play / practical

Zimbabwe 1

  1. Lendy 1 rock-art siteUndated - Mashonaland East / Marondera - Function not recorded