The Bullroarer Atlas

Records by area · 259 records

Bullroarer records — Africa

Bullroarer record pages from Africa, grouped by present-day country. Each page keeps the record text, source line, image credit, and a link back to the same point on the interactive map.

Shared traditions: Africa · West Africa · Central Africa · Southern Africa · Upper Guinea Poro · Eastern Africa · Western highlands: Elgon to Gusii · Orò and Lo · Burkina–Mali savanna · Benue valley and Adamawa · Mukanda · Angola and the Upper Zambezi

Algeria 1

  1. Sayid, a Saharan child's toySaharan Algeria · Play / practical

Angola 7

  1. Chokwe (Tsokwe) ndumbamwela bullroarerN.O. Angola (Lunda/Moxico Chokwe heartland) · Play / practical
  2. Humbi Handa lumpoku circumcision-school bullroarerSouth-western Angola / Huila · Restricted
  3. Kongo (Bakongo)San Salvador / Mbanza Kongo · Play / practical
  4. The Powell-Cotton sisters' Angolan roarerAngola (Portuguese West Africa) · Function not recorded
  5. Ngangela kasolo and kahulihuliNgangela country, south-eastern Angola (then Portuguese Angola) · Function not recorded
  6. Embungumbungu, a children's playthingElende, central Angola · Play / practical
  7. Ovimbundu spirit voices on the huntCentral highlands (Planalto), Angola · Restricted

Benin 3

  1. Wéménu kpe, the voice of LoLower Ouémé valley · Restricted
  2. Yoruba Abomey eke bullroarerAbomey region / Zou Department / Dahomey · Function not recorded
  3. The Voice of Vodun at MitroMitro, Oueme Department · Sacred / spirit

Botswana 2

  1. G|ui, the elders’ secret summonsCentral Kalahari Reserve · Restricted
  2. Naro (Nharo) hisi — //Gauwa's voice at initiationGhanzi farm block, Ghanzi District (Bechuanaland Protectorate at the time of the earlier reports) · Restricted

Botswana / Namibia / South Africa 1

  1. Bushman / San rain and hunting bullroarerWeather / fertility magic

Botswana / South Africa 1

  1. Tswana (seburuburu)Tswana country (SE Botswana / NW South Africa) · Play / practical

Burkina Faso 11

  1. Bobo, the hornbill's giftsBobo-Dioulasso region, western Burkina Faso · Restricted
  2. Dorhosie Zorhogo, the iron that hunts sorcerersCercle de Bobo-Dioulasso, former Haute-Volta / French Sudan · Restricted
  3. Gan sᴐrᴐ initiation bullroarerSouthwest Burkina Faso / Loropeni Department · Restricted
  4. Gouin dogo, the face of GodProvince de Banfora (now Comoé), southwest Upper Volta / Burkina Faso · Restricted
  5. Shouldered iron of the Karaboro and TurkaBanfora–Tiéfora country (now Comoé province), southwest Upper Volta / Burkina Faso · Restricted
  6. Nàvúni, the Kassena bird-scarerKoumbili, Pô subdivision, southern Burkina Faso · Weather / fertility magic
  7. The buffalo's bellow that announces DyoroLobi country on the Black Volta (Gaoua, Batié), Upper Volta / Burkina Faso · Restricted
  8. Voice of the Lyela night masksRéo, Sanguié province, central-western Burkina Faso · Restricted
  9. Sèmè Do, the spirit that walks as soundOrodara, Kénédougou province, western Burkina Faso · Restricted
  10. Tusia Do-society metal rhombeTusia/Toussian country, southwest Burkina Faso · Restricted
  11. Mossi sorghum-stalk whirlerOuagadougou (Wagadugu), Mossi kingdom, Upper Volta / Burkina Faso · Play / practical

Cameroon 29

  1. Bafia djé aroumé, mother of the irouméBafia country, middle Mbam, Cameroon · Restricted
  2. Bakundu Eboku bull-roarerSouthwest Cameroon / Meme Division (Bakundu) · Restricted
  3. Bali Nyonga (seed warding)Bali (Bali Nyonga), Cameroon Grassfields · Restricted
  4. Nkana, the hidden groundnut orchestraHaut-Nkam, southern Bamileke plateau, West Region · Restricted
  5. Bamum mfu, named for thunderBamum kingdom, Noun Division, West Region (Cameroon Grassfields) · Restricted
  6. Basa roarers of Ko and the war masksSouthern Cameroon / Basaa Centre-Littoral region · Sacred / spirit
  7. Bulu Zauberholz bullroarer, SangmelimaLobo River / Sangmelima / South Region, former German Kamerun · Play / practical
  8. Dii panther-rhombe of the circumcision bushFrench Cameroon / Adamaoua highlands · Restricted
  9. Eyap/Eghap Bagam death-ceremony bull-roarerBagam / West-Central Cameroon · Restricted
  10. Uni, the red-millet roarerSacred / spirit
  11. Fali Bao Tinguelin Tadogbel funeral and initiation bullroarerBao / Tinguelin / Benoue / northern Cameroon · Restricted
  12. Garoua circumcision bullroarerGaroua / Bénoué Department / Northern Cameroon · Restricted
  13. Kom Nkvifon, the Fon's police roarerKom kingdom, Boyo Division, North-West Region (Bamenda Grassfields) · Restricted
  14. Koma iron blade, buried voicesAlantika Mountains / North Cameroon · Restricted
  15. Kotoko gẹlẹō of the circumcision feastAfadé, Logone-et-Chari, Lake Chad plain, Far North Cameroon · Sacred / spirit
  16. Kundu roarer held as a power objectCameroon · Restricted
  17. Bokko Voko Longto Uonatonajo ancestor-voice bullroarerVoko / Gormaaya / Poli / Faro Department / North Region · Restricted
  18. Mafa millet-stalk Schwirrholz SoulédéSoulédé, Mayo-Tsanaga, Mandara Mountains · Function not recorded
  19. Mangamba bark-cord bullroarerAbo country north of the Mungo River / German Kamerun · Function not recorded
  20. Imbakiyam, voice of the Sô emergenceSa'a, Lekie, Centre Region · Restricted
  21. Mbum Ngan-Ha circumcision rhombeAdamaoua / Ngan-Ha · Restricted
  22. MofuMandara Mountains / Gudur, Far North Cameroon · Function not recorded
  23. Namchi sẹ̄yo, the moon that roars at a deathNamchi massif, right bank of the Faro (Bénoué basin), Poli, North Cameroon · Restricted
  24. Ngiemboon màndelevûm nkyɛ̀ bullroarer, BamougongWest Region / Bamboutos / Bamougong (Batcham district) · Restricted
  25. The Ngomba name that cannot be givenBamboutos Division, West Province · Restricted
  26. Nso' nyam mfu', the stolen war roarerKingdom of Nso', Bui Division, North-West Region (Bamenda Grassfields) · Restricted
  27. Oku Njamse, the war society's animalsKingdom of Oku, Bui Division, North-West Region (Bamenda Grassfields) · Restricted
  28. Tschamba Samba Leko Langa circumcision bullroarerTchamba / Beka / Faro Department / North Region · Restricted
  29. Wimbum ngwarong, where the ancestors punishNkambe plateau, Donga-Mantung Division, North-West Region · Restricted

Central African Republic 4

  1. Èpépé leaf, the eagle's wingbeatMongoumba, Lobaye Prefecture · Play / practical
  2. Aka eagle-flight monkey scarerLobaye Prefecture · Play / practical
  3. BaAka roarer inside the elanda danceSangha forest · Play / practical
  4. BandaBangassou / Ubangi region, CAR · Restricted

Chad 6

  1. Goula Iro Yontô bullroarer, Boum KabirBoum Kabir, north shore of Lake Iro, southeastern Chad · Restricted
  2. Laka gandu b(i)jae, iron voices of the harvestLaka country between Lamé (North Cameroon) and the western Logone, Logone Oriental, southwestern Chad · Restricted
  3. Mbay kinga-muru-mbi, which silences the owlsMbay (Sara-Mbai) country of Moïssala, Nadili canton, Mandoul, southern Chad · Restricted
  4. Mundang (Moundang)Lere region, SW Chad / N Cameroon · Sacred / spirit
  5. Sar nguebadge, the chief of the deadKingdom of Bédaya, Mandoul, southern Chad · Restricted
  6. Tupuri (Toupouri)SW Chad / N Cameroon (Mayo-Kebbi) · Function not recorded

Côte d’Ivoire 7

  1. Bonu amuin, the bush gods' roarBaule Guro country · Restricted
  2. Dan Goton and the stilt-dancers of BouafleDan (Yacouba) country around Man, western Cote d'Ivoire · Sacred / spirit
  3. The Dan Mask with No FaceDan country (western Cote d'Ivoire / northeastern Liberia) · Restricted
  4. Gban (Gagou) wroum wroum bird-scarerDepartement d'Oume, centre-ouest Cote d'Ivoire · Play / practical
  5. Two devils circling the squareBouna, northeastern Côte d'Ivoire · Restricted
  6. Senufo (Senoufo)Korhogo-Boundiali, northern Cote d'Ivoire / SE Mali · Restricted
  7. Toura Goton, the iron god who speaksToura mountains, Biankouma, western Cote d'Ivoire · Sacred / spirit

Democratic Republic of the Congo 46

  1. Adoi (kundrukundru)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) · Function not recorded
  2. Kunzukunzu, sent ahead to clear the pathWatsa–Gombari district, Haut-Uele, NE Congo · Restricted
  3. Amanga (kundrukundru)NE Congo · Function not recorded
  4. Andebogo (kundrukundru)NE Congo · Function not recorded
  5. Andowi (kundrukundru)NE Congo · Function not recorded
  6. Babali (Bali)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  7. Babira (Bira)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  8. Bagbwa (egburuburu)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) · Function not recorded
  9. Alianga's hidden madualiAsunguda-Apare river district / Ituri Forest near Avakubi · Restricted
  10. Bakumu (Komo) tuambiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  11. Fomvokai, the god's name extendedGeti, Irumu Territory, Ituri / Belgian Congo · Sacred / spirit
  12. Go, child of the great pot glöiKilo, Kilo-Moto goldfields district, Ituri / Belgian Congo · Sacred / spirit
  13. Balese (Kalimoholo) pahudjuhudju bullroarerKilo-Geti goldfields district / Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo · Restricted
  14. Bamanga tuambi circumcision bullroarerLindi and lower Aruwimi rivers around Bengamisa and Banalia, north of Stanleyville (Kisangani), Province Orientale (now Tshopo) · Restricted
  15. Bangba / Ngbaka (egburuburu)NE Congo (Kereboro, Haut-Uele) · Play / practical
  16. Bangelima (Ngelima)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  17. Banyari (Nyali) of Geti — nékundurúkuGeti, Irumu Territory, Ituri / Belgian Congo · Sacred / spirit
  18. Northern Banyari (Nyali) of Kilo — oŭpaKilo, Kilo-Moto goldfields district, Ituri / Belgian Congo · Sacred / spirit
  19. Bapere (atuamba)Pere country, North Kivu (Manguredjipa area) · Restricted
  20. Bapopoi (Popoi)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  21. BarundiNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  22. Bembe Tembwe leopard-voice bullroarerSouth Kivu (Fizi), mountains above Lake Tanganyika · Restricted
  23. Bolobo's serrated roarer, kept from womenMiddle Congo River, left bank above the Kwa-Kasai confluence (Mai-Ndombe) · Restricted
  24. Boloki toy-magical bullroarerUpper Congo · Play / practical
  25. Bushongo initiation bullroarersKuba / Kasai region · Restricted
  26. Koinambula, the palm-wine ghostKasai (Kuba) · Restricted
  27. Leele Nar'a kwei Kasai bullroarer recordingKasai / Leele country · Function not recorded
  28. The voice of the Lengola biabaStanleyville-Ponthierville (Kisangani-Ubundu) district, Lualaba, Province Orientale · Restricted
  29. Lokele banduluNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  30. Lombi rhombe, cry of the masasa birdBafwasende territory, Tshopo (former Province Orientale) · Restricted
  31. Luba Tambo palm-leaf bullroarerLuba country / Tambo register note · Function not recorded
  32. Mamvu (arumvurumvu)NE Congo (Bira borderlands) · Function not recorded
  33. Mayogo (mbirimbiri)NE Congo · Function not recorded
  34. Kimbuka's roarer in a hen-house hutKwilu basin (Kwilu Province) · Sacred / spirit
  35. Mbo mongomongo and maduali initiation bullroarerIturi forest, Province Orientale (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  36. Mbole (inano)NE Congo · Function not recorded
  37. Mbuti (BaMbuti), Ituri ForestIturi Forest, northeastern Congo (Ituri Province), DRC · Restricted
  38. Ndaka bullroarer, the voice of AsobéIturi forest, Province Orientale (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  39. Ngbaka minagende (Gemena) vukumaGemena, Sud-Ubangi (then Équateur Region) · Restricted
  40. Nyanga nyabungubungu circumcision bullroarerNyangaland, North Kivu (Walikale) · Restricted
  41. Sango / Ngbandi bimbiNW DR Congo (northern Zaire per Grove) · Play / practical
  42. Wagenia (Genya)NE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  43. WanyanzaNE Congo (Babali initiation belt) · Restricted
  44. Warega (Lega) tuamba circumcision bullroarerManiema / eastern forest, Province Orientale · Restricted
  45. Yalemba-Ligasa Upper Congo bullroarersTshopo Province / Yalemba-Ligasa area · Function not recorded
  46. Zande (gilingwa)NE Congo · Function not recorded

Egypt 3

  1. Winifred Blackman's Egyptian roarerEgypt / Nile Valley · Function not recorded
  2. Gurob papyrus rhombos, toy of DionysusGurob / Fayum · Restricted
  3. Fayum Ptolemaic figureFayum · Sacred / spirit

Ethiopia 5

  1. Rorata, the leopard's cryGondar, Amhara · Weather / fertility magic
  2. Burji Omisso Furissa bullroarerBurji highlands / southern Ethiopia · Sacred / spirit
  3. Gedeo Darassa emimissa restricted bullroarerGedeo highlands / southern Ethiopia · Restricted
  4. Konso owubata, a rite forgottenKonso highlands / southern Ethiopia · Play / practical
  5. Gato Kusume field bird-scarer bullroarerGatoland / southern Ethiopia · Play / practical

Gabon 5

  1. Bamba child's toy roarerOkondja, Haut-Ogooue · Play / practical
  2. Amvam Fang evuntere bullroarerWoleu-Ntem / Oyem · Restricted
  3. Fang (Pangwe)Rio Muni / N Gabon / S Kamerun · Sacred / spirit
  4. Gabon bromhout bullroarerGabon · Function not recorded
  5. Kwele / Bakwele namiqwott funeral bullroarer, MakokouMakokou / Haut-Ivindo · Restricted

Ghana 3

  1. Vusungvuung, the mason-wasp roarerBuilsa (Sandema) districts, Upper East Region, northern Ghana · Play / practical
  2. Tebinsɪgmaa, the night dirge of the SigmaaWa East District, Upper West Region, Ghana · Restricted
  3. The Night Cow of BirifuBirifu, Lawra District, Northern Territories of the Gold Coast · Restricted

Guinea 5

  1. Monchon's rhombe in the treetopRio Pongo coast, Préfecture de Boffa, Lower Guinea · Restricted
  2. Coniagui child's rhombeYoukounkoun, Koundara (Guinea-Senegal border) · Play / practical
  3. Kissi initiation and ancestor-voice bullroarerKissidougou-Guéckédou / Forest Guinea · Restricted
  4. Kono (gueyoumo)Guinee forestiere (Lola region), Haute-Guinee francaise · Restricted
  5. Guri, a voice of AfwiNzerekore · Restricted

Guinea-Bissau 1

  1. Master of the forest, the bukut's roarJamaat country north of the Rio Cacheu, Cacheu Region, northern Guinea-Bissau · Restricted

Kenya 11

  1. Akamba (Ukamba) boy's bullroarerUkamba, British East Africa · Play / practical
  2. Bukusu leopard-voice bullroarerNorth Kabras location, Kakamega District / Bungoma–Kakamega Bukusu country, western Kenya · Restricted
  3. Dholuo obuya, the toy that roarsWestern Kenya / Lake Victoria basin · Play / practical
  4. Gusii eng'iti enene, the Big Beast of OutsideNyansongo, Kisii highlands, Nyanza Province (now Kisii and Nyamira counties), western Kenya · Restricted
  5. Kikuyu kiburuti child-toy survivalCentral Kenya / Southern Kikuyu · Play / practical
  6. Munge Kikuyu bullroarerHistoric Munge district / likely Mutira, Kirinyaga · Play / practical
  7. Kipsigis monster in the menjoKericho highlands, Kenya · Restricted
  8. Mumbo, the snake in the sun and the lakeAlego, Central Kavirondo (Siaya) · Sacred / spirit
  9. Marakwet kaptorus beast, the roar round the hutMarakwet, Cherangani escarpment above the Kerio Valley (Elgeyo-Marakwet County) · Restricted
  10. Mijikenda (Wanika)Coastal hinterland behind Mombasa (Kaya forests) · Sacred / spirit
  11. Nandi lion, revealed in women's dressNandi / British East Africa · Restricted

Lesotho 1

  1. Sotho sevuruvuru against dogsLesotho / South Africa · Play / practical

Liberia 5

  1. Roarers before the Bush-spiritLofa County, northern Liberia (Gbande country) · Restricted
  2. Bale wola heralds the Big DevilWestern Province / Lofa (Gbunde country) · Restricted
  3. Vu ni, the devil who roarsCentral Province / Nimba (Mano country) · Restricted
  4. Gio boys "make bull-roarer talk"Central Province / Nimba (Gio country) · Restricted
  5. Vu ni and the unmasked high menNimba (Mano country) · Restricted

Madagascar 2

  1. SakalavaSW Madagascar, districts of Beroroha and Sakaraha · Play / practical
  2. TanalaEastern forest escarpment, Fianarantsoa (Ifanadiana-Ikongo) · Play / practical

Malawi 2

  1. Blantyre, Malawi bullroarerBlantyre · Function not recorded
  2. Konde ifula rain bullroarerKonde country, north end of Lake Malawi · Play / practical

Mali 12

  1. Bamana lion-voice in wood and ironSegou region, middle Niger (eastern Bamana) · Sacred / spirit
  2. Bamana blood-crusted cult BoliFrench Sudan collection context · Sacred / spirit
  3. Bambara N'Domo Lion bullroarerBambara / Mali · Restricted
  4. Billai, the Diarra's roarers against crocodilesNiger between Sansanding and Diafarabé, Cercle de Macina (Ségou Region), French Sudan / Mali · Restricted
  5. Bozo Nouhoun-Bozo boys' rhombeMopti Region / Djenne-Tenenkou area · Play / practical
  6. Do's iron voice and the bees' first soundSan region, Mali (Capron’s cercle de San) · Restricted
  7. The Humming Wood of DjennéMopti Region / Djenne · Function not recorded
  8. Sanga's mother of the mask, whom the women fearBandiagara / Sanga · Restricted
  9. Dogon Songo veni bullroarerSongo / Bandiagara escarpment / Mopti region / French Sudan · Restricted
  10. Imina na, the great maskYougo Dogorou, Bandiagara escarpment, Mopti region (French Sudan at the time of the Dakar-Djibouti mission) · Restricted
  11. Kouroumba Yoro atongu dry-season bullroarerYoro / Mopti region / French Sudan · Play / practical
  12. Minianka cross-barred sorghum whirlerMinianka country (Koutiala area), French Sudan / southern Mali · Function not recorded

Mali / Guinea 1

  1. Hidden roarer of the Komo and NamaUpper Niger between the upper Senegal and the Bani ("Central Mandingo" country) · Restricted

Morocco 1

  1. Mogador / Essaouira ferfâra bullroarerAtlantic Morocco / Mogador environs · Play / practical

Namibia 5

  1. Auin ostrich-lure bullroarer, KaukauveldGobabis-Epukiro / southern Kaukauveld, German South-West Africa · Play / practical
  2. Brandberg rock-painting bullroarer depictionc. 4,000–2,000 years ago · Brandberg / Damaraland · Sacred / spirit
  3. Ju|'hoansi and !Kung initiation bullroarersTsintsabis / Oshivelo and wider Kalahari source chain · Restricted
  4. Oas San healer's bullroarer, OmahekeOas farm / Omaheke sandveld / Kalahari, German South-West Africa · Sacred / spirit
  5. Uukwaluudhi omathila rain and sowing Big BirdsOwamboland / Omusati region · Restricted

Namibia / Angola 1

  1. Kwanyama edila circumcision Big BirdsUukwanyama / Kwanyama region · Restricted

Niger 1

  1. Zinder blade on a plaited leaf cordZinder (Damagaram), Niger · Function not recorded

Nigeria 34

  1. Achipawa okiso voice, seen only by the MagajiKontagora Division, Niger Province (now Mariga LGA, Niger State) · Restricted
  2. Afusare bull-roarer of the guinea-corn sowingBauchi Province section of the Afusare (now Jos East LGA, Plateau State) · Restricted
  3. Bachama roarer of Dong, brought from MbuloSouthern Bachamaland, Numan Division (now Demsa LGA, Adamawa State) · Sacred / spirit
  4. Berom jwà ǹgasangPlateau State · Restricted
  5. Bini Oloawon Ovia / Ovato bullroarerBenin Kingdom / later Edo State · Restricted
  6. Dakarkari bull-roarer, the Voice of MagirroKebbi, north-western Nigeria (Sokoto Province under British administration) · Restricted
  7. Egba bull-roarer, the Voice of OroAbeokuta (Egba) · Restricted
  8. Ekkpe eastern Nigeria ceremony bull-roarerEastern Nigeria / Cross River-Calabar-Ibibio-Ekoi region · Restricted
  9. Esan Alimin-Otor land-spirit bullroarerEsanland / Edo State · Restricted
  10. Gwana Jukun Dodo bullroarer voice and rain cultCentral Nigeria / Gwana Jukun area · Restricted
  11. Gwari (Gbagyi) oath riteGbagyi homeland (Niger State / FCT Abuja) · Sacred / spirit
  12. Kura, the hyena that calls dogsKatsina, northern Nigeria · Play / practical
  13. Hausa boys' bull-roarer, DauraDaura, Katsina Emirate, Northern Nigeria · Play / practical
  14. Idoma ohumhum, fish-shaped plaque of the alekwu deadIdoma country, Otukpo, Benue State · Restricted
  15. Idoma ofukufuku, the schoolroom bullroarerIdoma country, Otukpo, Benue State · Play / practical
  16. Odegilligilli, the night maw's summonsSouthern Nigeria / Igbo country · Restricted
  17. Kadara aka'a, the whirring of the returning deadKajuru District, Zaria Province (now Kajuru LGA, southern Kaduna State) · Sacred / spirit
  18. Kambari Northern Nigeria child toy bullroarerNorthern Provinces of Nigeria · Play / practical
  19. Kana children's forbidden égùgùRivers State / Ogoni · Restricted
  20. Kurama makili, the bull-roarer at the ancestral gravesZaria Province, Northern Nigeria (now Lere LGA, Kaduna State) · Sacred / spirit
  21. N'Yoro Oekum'Lagos, Nigeria · Sacred / spirit
  22. Lower Ijaw Noin-nama bull-roarerCentral Niger Delta / Ijo (Ijaw) country · Restricted
  23. Morwa bull-roarer, the crying in the sacred groveZaria Province, Northern Nigeria (now Kaura LGA, Kaduna State) · Sacred / spirit
  24. NunguNassarawa Province, Northern Nigeria · Play / practical
  25. Vugù-vugù, the sorcerers' killing magicNorthern Nupe country, Niger State · Sacred / spirit
  26. Nupe kèrè in traditional worshipNiger State / Nupe country · Sacred / spirit
  27. Dakka Sama Mum Langa ancestral-voice bullroarerSugu / Tsugu / Ganye LGA / Adamawa State · Restricted
  28. Abume, whirled to scare spiritsBenue valley · Weather / fertility magic
  29. Igbue, the harvest spiritTiv country, Benue valley · Restricted
  30. Verre Momi Do'os harvest bullroarersAdamawa / Cholli Verre region · Restricted
  31. Fork-ended Oshogbo Yoruba bladeOshogbo, Nigeria · Sacred / spirit
  32. Oyo palm-midrib bullroarer pairOyo, Nigeria · Function not recorded
  33. Yoruba Oro voice bullroarerRestricted
  34. Wasman's private anti-thief alarmKatsa, a Kede/Nupe creek-side trading village near Egga on the Niger, Bida Emirate, Niger Province, Northern Nigeria (now Niger State) · Sacred / spirit

Nigeria / Cameroon 1

  1. Ekoi Enyara Akum club bullroarersCross River / Oban District · Restricted

Republic of the Congo 5

  1. Bembe (Babembe)Bouenza / Mouyondzi plateau (Lower-Congo cluster) · Play / practical
  2. Bongo bamboo-midrib bullroarer pairKongo-Brazzaville / French Equatorial Africa (no locality recorded) · Sacred / spirit
  3. Kota burnt-pattern bullroarerKongo-Brazzaville / French Equatorial Africa (no locality recorded) · Sacred / spirit
  4. Kuyu / Kouyou Ngwé bullroarer, KouyougandzaKouyougandza / Cuvette · Play / practical
  5. Teke (Bateke)Batéké Plateau · Restricted

Senegal 4

  1. Bassari akotikotiEtyolo, Kedougou · Restricted
  2. Nyandemém, the slave of GindamRestricted
  3. Ngarankulo, the lodge's night demonPakao, Sédhiou region (Middle Casamance) · Restricted
  4. Ndut (Sereer) gum paxa funerary bullroarer, PambalArrondissement de Pambal, Departement de Tivaouane, Region de Thies · Sacred / spirit

Sierra Leone 2

  1. SherbroSherbro Island, Bonthe District · Restricted
  2. Timne cane bullroarer, MabumNorthern Province / Mabum · Restricted

South Africa 12

  1. !goin!goin bull-roarer of the Kalahari San (Kirby collection)Southern Kalahari (Gordonia district, Northern Cape), around Twee Rivieren · Sacred / spirit
  2. |Xam !goin !goin bee-control bullroarerNorthern Cape / |Xam Bushman source region · Weather / fertility magic
  3. Doring River rock-art bullroarer playersAt least 2,000 years old · Cederberg / Doring River valley · Sacred / spirit
  4. Johannesburg sandstorm bullroarerJohannesburg / Witwatersrand, Transvaal Colony · Play / practical
  5. Xhosa / Amakosa nodiwu bullroarerRestricted
  6. Korana burubush, swung by its cordMiddle Orange River (!Kora country) · Play / practical
  7. KwaZulu-Natal carved bullroarerKwaZulu/Natal · Sacred / spirit
  8. Lovedu 'seizing of the lion'Bolobedu, the Rain-Queen's realm (Limpopo) · Restricted
  9. Matjes River pear-shaped bone bullroarerc. 7630–3450 BC · Southern Cape / Matjes River mouth near Keurboomstrand (Plettenberg Bay) · Function not recorded
  10. Orange Springs painted trance-dance bullroarerc. 1000 BC–AD 1906 · Eastern Free State / Caledon River valley near Modderpoort and Ladybrand · Sacred / spirit
  11. Pedi kgabududu of girls' initiationTransvaal (Sekhukhuneland, Limpopo) · Restricted
  12. Venda luvuva, play and initiationVenda (Vhembe, northern Limpopo) · Restricted

South Sudan 2

  1. Dinka wuid, the field guardUpper Nile / White Nile · Play / practical
  2. Shilluk iron roarers, swung by boysWest bank of the White Nile (Shilluk kingdom) · Play / practical

Sudan 2

  1. Katla goung, wood for girls, iron for the kujurNuba Mountains, South Kordofan (Dilling / Salara area) · Restricted
  2. Masakin girls' kurre, silent for the grainSouth Kordofan · Play / practical

Tanzania 4

  1. Chagga humming board, a lion for crying childrenSouthern slopes of Kilimanjaro (Kilimanjaro Region) · Play / practical
  2. Wapare ngurunguru (mshitu initiation)Pare Mountains · Restricted
  3. Unjika highland toy bullroarerUnjika highland / historic Rukwa district · Play / practical
  4. Rovuma roarer among the unyago toysLindi hinterland and Rovuma valley (Lindi / Mtwara regions) · Function not recorded

The Gambia 1

  1. Ngarankulo beneath the kankurang's criesBrikama, West Coast Region · Restricted

Togo 1

  1. Atakpamé painted Yoruba bladeGerman Togoland (central plateau, Atakpame country); modern central Togo · Function not recorded

Uganda 2

  1. Sebei lion, seized in the darkMount Elgon, northern escarpment (Kapchorwa / Kween / Bukwo) · Restricted
  2. Uganda wooden toy bullroarerUganda · Play / practical

Zambia 6

  1. Lala (cimwimwi), ChibaleChibale chiefdom, southwest Serenje District, Central Province · Sacred / spirit
  2. LambaCopperbelt / Lambaland, Zambia-Katanga border · Play / practical
  3. Making the lion roar on the Barotse plainUpper Zambezi, Barotseland (Western Province) · Play / practical
  4. Luchazi ndumba mwelela at the genet-cat riteKabompo District, North-Western Province, near the Angola border · Restricted
  5. Luvale ndumbamwelela Mukanda bullroarer, Solochi VillageSolochi Village, Chavuma / former Zambezi District, North-Western Province · Restricted
  6. Ndumba mwila, the fish-shaped monsterWukengi Farm / Nyaluhana vicinage, Mwinilunga District, North-Western Province · Restricted

Zimbabwe 1

  1. Lendy 1 Zimbabwe rock-art bullroarerProbably more than 2,000 years ago · Mashonaland East / Marondera · Function not recorded