The Bullroarer Atlas

EXH2026-040 - secondary catalog

Mbole (Opala)

Democratic Republic of the Congo - NE Congo (atuamba belt) - Central Africa

Function not recorded

A narrow flat wooden bull-roarer on a looped cord, again catalogued only as "West Africa" — standing in for the general form; the Mbole inano...
Representative image. A narrow flat wooden bull-roarer on a looped cord, again catalogued only as "West Africa" — standing in for the general form; the Mbole inano has not been photographed. © Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (acc. 1924.2.36) Image source

(atuamba type) English

Source term: bullroarer (New Grove cross-entry)

inano: bullroarer term/name-entry for the Mbole in the recovered source trail.

Swung on its cord, this ellipsoidal slab of wood throws a low, tearing note the Mbole liken to the growl of a leopard — the beast whose teeth and menace run all through their forest law. Among these people of the upper Congo the growl is a spirit's voice, reserved to secret ceremony and kept from the uninitiated. Early cataloguers preserved the object and its name, inano; what they left unrecorded is the full script of who swung it, and on which night.

inano

New Grove / Grove bullroarer term or cross-entry, local audit locator in page_or_plate
Object
Bullroarer term/name-entry for the Mbole: inano.
Function
Source-checked bullroarer term/cross-entry for the Mbole; wider regional ritual context is not row-specific in the recovered evidence.
Map confidence
low_medium - Mbole country, Tshopo/Opala
Source location
New Grove / Grove, Mbole entry (term inano)

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