The Bullroarer Atlas

155 records · North America

Bullroarer records — North America

Source-backed bullroarer record pages from North America, grouped by present-day country. Each page keeps the record text, source line, image credit, and a link back to the same point on the interactive map.

United States 113

  1. Ancestral Pueblo / Ruin 14c. 1150–1300 CE - Wetherill Mesa, Mesa Verde, Colorado - Function not recorded
  2. Ancestral Puebloan / Chacoan Pueblo del Arroyoc. 1052–1117 CE - Pueblo del Arroyo / Chaco Canyon / undated within site - Function not recorded
  3. Ancestral Puebloan / Salmon Puebloc. 1090–1280 CE - Salmon Pueblo / San Juan County, New Mexico / mixed Chacoan and San Juan context - Function not recorded
  4. Apache / San Carlos Agency contextSan Carlos Agency, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  5. ArapahoGreat Plains / Arapaho - Play / practical
  6. Atsugewi (Atsuge and Apwaruge)Hat Creek and Dixie Valley - Play / practical
  7. Birnirk culture (ancestral Iñupiat), Piġniq mounds, Chukchi Sea coastPiġniq (Birnirk site), near Utqiaġvik, Alaska - Play / practical
  8. Bristol Bay provenance (historic catalogue: Eskimo)Bristol Bay, Alaska - Play / practical
  9. Capitan Grande Kumeyaay (Diegueño), San Diego River canyon, San Diego CountySan Diego County / Capitan Grande - Restricted
  10. Castaic Cave, Los Angeles County, California (Chumash)Undated - California / Los Angeles County / Castaic Cave - Sacred / spirit
  11. Catawba / Rock Hill York CountySouth Carolina Piedmont - Function not recorded
  12. Chemehuevi (Southern Paiute), eastern Mojave Desert and Chemehuevi Valley, lower Colorado RiverEastern Mojave Desert and Chemehuevi Valley along the lower Colorado River (southeastern California / western Arizona) - Weather / fertility magic
  13. Chiricahua ApacheArizona - Weather / fertility magic
  14. Cibecue Apache (Cibecue Creek band)Cibecue Creek, east-central Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  15. Coast MiwokCentral California coast - Sacred / spirit
  16. Coast Yuki (Ukoht-ontilka / Ukhotnom)Pacific coast of Mendocino County, roughly the Noyo River north to the Sinkyone boundary (Westport–Usal heartland), northern California - Weather / fertility magic
  17. Comanche, Southern PlainsComancheria / southwestern Oklahoma - Sacred / spirit
  18. CupenoCalifornia - Sacred / spirit
  19. Deep Creek Goshute (Pieroagönota)Deep Creek Valley / Ibapah, western Utah, edge of the Great Salt Lake Desert - Play / practical
  20. Desert Cahuilla (Wontcaktamyahwic clan), Tuva / Agua Dulce (Oasis)Coachella Valley / Salton Sink, Southern California - Sacred / spirit
  21. Diegueno / KumeyaayCalifornia / Baja borderlands - Restricted
  22. Dividing Point, Yukon RiverAlaska / Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area / Dividing Point - Function not recorded
  23. Eastern Achomawi (Hammawi band)West's Valley and Alturas, upper Pit River country, northeastern California - Weather / fertility magic
  24. Eastern Band Cherokee / BirdtownNorth Carolina / Qualla Boundary / Birdtown - Play / practical
  25. Eastern White Mountain ApacheWhite River and Fort Apache country, east-central Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  26. Elk Hills Cemetery, Buena Vista Lake (historic Yokuts village adjacent)c. 1780–1818 CE - Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California - Function not recorded
  27. Elko and Battle Mountain ShoshoniElko and Battle Mountain, Humboldt River, Nevada - Weather / fertility magic
  28. Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community (now Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation)Fort McDowell Reservation / lower Verde River, Maricopa County, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  29. Gros VentreNorthern Plains - Play / practical
  30. HavasupaiGrand Canyon / Havasupai - Weather / fertility magic
  31. Hayfork Wintu (Trinity River Wintu)Hayfork Valley, Trinity County, northwestern California - Weather / fertility magic
  32. Hopi / Songoopavi, Second MesaArizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Songoopavi (Shongopovi) - Sacred / spirit
  33. Hopi, Mishongnovi (Second Mesa), ArizonaArizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Mishongnovi (Musangnuvi) - Weather / fertility magic
  34. Hopi, Shipaulovi (Second Mesa), ArizonaSecond Mesa, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  35. Hueco-phase cave dwellers, Rustler Hills sink-hole shelterTrans-Pecos Texas (Rustler Hills, Culberson County) - Function not recorded
  36. Hunkpapa LakotaNorth/South Dakota (Standing Rock) - Play / practical
  37. Hurricane Deck cave region, San Rafael Mountains (Chumash traditional territory)Before c. 1500 CE - California / Santa Barbara County / Hurricane Deck - Function not recorded
  38. Inland (Northern) Yuki, southern Round ValleyRound Valley, Mendocino County - Restricted
  39. Iñupiaq / KotzebueAlaska / Kotzebue Sound - Play / practical
  40. Inupiaq / Point HopeAlaska / Point Hope - Play / practical
  41. Inupiaq, WainwrightWainwright, North Slope, Alaska - Play / practical
  42. Inyo County, CaliforniaCalifornia / Inyo County - Play / practical
  43. Jemez (Walatowa)Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico - Function not recorded
  44. Kaibab Southern Paiute (?)Arizona Strip / Kaibab Indian Reservation, northern Arizona - Weather / fertility magic
  45. Kamia (Kumeyaay)Imperial Valley, California - Function not recorded
  46. Karok (Karuk)Klamath River, California - Function not recorded
  47. Kato (Cahto)Cahto Valley and Long Valley, head of the South Fork of the Eel River, near Laytonville and Branscomb, Mendocino County, northern California - Restricted
  48. Kiowa, Anadarko, OklahomaKiowa Agency / Anadarko, Oklahoma - Function not recorded
  49. KlamathOregon / Klamath region - Weather / fertility magic
  50. Koasati / Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana / Bel AbbeyLouisiana / Allen Parish / Bayou Blue near Elton - Play / practical
  51. Lake MiwokCoyote Valley and the south end of Clear Lake, Lake County, north-central California (around present-day Middletown) - Restricted
  52. LuisenoCalifornia - Restricted
  53. MaiduNorthern California - Play / practical
  54. MakahCape Flattery, Washington - Restricted
  55. Mattaponi / Mattaponi ReservationVirginia / King William County - Function not recorded
  56. Mesa Grande Diegueño, San Diego County, CaliforniaCalifornia / San Diego County / Mesa Grande Reservation - Function not recorded
  57. Moanunts UteSalina Canyon / upper Sevier valley, central Utah - Weather / fertility magic
  58. Mohave (Mojave)Colorado River, Arizona/California - Function not recorded
  59. MonoCalifornia / Great Basin - Sacred / spirit
  60. Mountain CahuillaCalifornia / Southwest - Restricted
  61. Mowataviwatsiu Ute (Uncompahgre)Saguache / San Luis Valley, Colorado - Weather / fertility magic
  62. Muscogee (Creek) / James H. Hill text corpusOklahoma / Eufaula / eastern Oklahoma - Play / practical
  63. Nanticoke / Indian River descendantsDelaware / Sussex County / Indian River Hundred - Play / practical
  64. Navajo / DineSouthwest - Sacred / spirit
  65. Northern Paiute, UtahUtah - Sacred / spirit
  66. Northern Pomo (maker Sam Tony), Mendocino County, CaliforniaNorthern Pomo territory, upper Russian River drainage, Mendocino County, California - Function not recorded
  67. Northern UteUintah and Ouray Reservation / Utah - Function not recorded
  68. Oglala Dakota / Pine RidgePine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota - Play / practical
  69. Omaha / NebraskaNebraska (Omaha territory) - Play / practical
  70. Pahvant UteLower Sevier River and Sevier Lake desert / Kanosh, Utah - Play / practical
  71. PaiuteGreat Basin - Play / practical
  72. Papago / Tohono O'odhamSouthwest - Weather / fertility magic
  73. Pass Cahuilla (Kauisiktum clan), Palm SpringsPalm Springs / Coachella Valley, Southern California - Sacred / spirit
  74. Pecos Puebloc. 1100–1540 CE - Pecos Pueblo, New Mexico - Function not recorded
  75. PenobscotOld Town (Indian Island), Maine - Function not recorded
  76. Pima / Akimel O'odhamFunction not recorded
  77. Point Barrow Eskimo / InupiatPoint Barrow, Alaska - Play / practical
  78. PomoCalifornia - Restricted
  79. Potter Valley Pomo (Northern Pomo)Potter Valley / Mendocino County, California - Weather / fertility magic
  80. Quechan (Yuma)Lower Colorado River, Arizona - Play / practical
  81. QuinaultWashington coast - Play / practical
  82. RappahannockVirginia - Function not recorded
  83. Rio Grande Pueblo tribesRio Grande Pueblo region, New Mexico - Weather / fertility magic
  84. Saline Valley ShoshoniSaline Valley, eastern California - Play / practical
  85. San Juan Southern Paiute (Kaibökadöt-tawip-nunts)Navajo Mountain country, northern Arizona / southern Utah - Weather / fertility magic
  86. SerranoCalifornia - Restricted
  87. Shivwits Southern PaiuteShivwits Plateau, Arizona Strip, northwestern Arizona - Weather / fertility magic
  88. Sicangu Lakota, Rosebud (South Dakota)South Dakota / Rosebud Sioux Reservation - Play / practical
  89. SinkyoneSouth Fork Eel River / Bull Creek / Garberville region - Weather / fertility magic
  90. Site 40HW44, Hawkins County, Tennesseec. 1000–300 BCE - Tennessee / Hawkins County / site 40HW44 - Function not recorded
  91. St. Lawrence Island Yupik (Siberian Yupik), Bering Sea, AlaskaSt. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, Alaska Territory - Sacred / spirit
  92. Surprise Valley Paiute (Kidütökadö)Surprise Valley, northeastern California and Warner Valley, Oregon - Weather / fertility magic
  93. Tanaina / Dena'inaAlaska / Mackenzie-Yukon edge - Sacred / spirit
  94. Taviwatsiu Ute (White River Ute)Front Range near Denver, Colorado (band removed to the Uintah Reservation, 1880) - Sacred / spirit
  95. Teton Dakota / LakotaSouth Dakota (Teton Lakota territory) - Play / practical
  96. Tewa of San IldefonsoPueblo / Southwest - Restricted
  97. Timpanogots Ute (Tömpanöwotsnunts)Utah Lake shores and Wasatch canyons, Utah - Sacred / spirit
  98. Tlingit, southeastern AlaskaSoutheast Alaska - Play / practical
  99. Tonto ApacheSouthwest - Sacred / spirit
  100. TübatulabalUpper Kern River and South Fork Kern River drainages, Kern River Valley, southern Sierra Nevada, Kern County, California - Play / practical
  101. Turtle Mountain Chippewa / BelcourtNorth Dakota / Turtle Mountain Reservation - Function not recorded
  102. Tusayan / Walpi / HopiWalpi, Tusayan / Hopi mesas, Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  103. Twana (Skokomish and related Hood Canal bands)Hood Canal / Skokomish River, Puget Sound region, Washington - Play / practical
  104. UmatillaColumbia Plateau, Oregon - Function not recorded
  105. Verde Valley cliff dwellingsBefore c. 1500 CE - Verde Valley, central Arizona - Sacred / spirit
  106. Wadatika (Wada-dokado, Burns Northern Paiute)Harney Valley and Malheur Lake, southeastern Oregon - Weather / fertility magic
  107. WashoeLake Tahoe - western Nevada - Sacred / spirit
  108. Wimonuntci UteGreat Basin / Colorado Plateau - Restricted
  109. Wukchamni Yokuts (Sam Garfield; Taya'pnucau near Lemon Cove)Southern Sierra Nevada foothills / Lemon Cove / Tulare County, California - Sacred / spirit
  110. Yup'ik (Nunakauyarmiut) / Toksook Bay, Nelson IslandAlaska / Nelson Island, central Bering Sea coast (Yukon-Kuskokwim region) - Function not recorded
  111. Yup'ik Norton Sound / Saint MichaelAlaska / Norton Sound - Play / practical
  112. Zia (Sia) Pueblo / KeresanZia Pueblo / Sandoval County / New Mexico - Sacred / spirit
  113. ZuniPueblo / Southwest - Sacred / spirit

Canada 28

  1. Baffinland Inuit Kingarmiut/Sikosuilarmiut / KinngaitNunavut / Qikiqtaaluk Region - Play / practical
  2. Carrier (Dakelh)British Columbia - Function not recorded
  3. Central InuitChesterfield Inlet / Kivalliq, Nunavut - Function not recorded
  4. Chipewyan / Dene / Etthen-eldeliChurchill River / Reindeer Lake region - Play / practical
  5. Classic Lillooet (St'át'imc) — Keatley Creek pithouse village (EeRl 7)2300–1100 BP - Middle Fraser Canyon (Interior Plateau), British Columbia; St'át'imc (Lillooet) territory between Xaxlip/Fountain and Ts'kwaylacw/Pavilion, ~20-25 km upstream of Lillooet - Function not recorded
  6. Copper Inuit (Inuinnait), Coronation GulfCoronation Gulf / Northwest Territories - Play / practical
  7. Davis Inlet band NaskapiLabrador / Davis Inlet - Play / practical
  8. Departure Bay shellmidden DhRx-16, Snuneymuxw (Island Halkomelem Coast Salish) territory, NanaimoUndated - Departure Bay, Nanaimo, east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia - Function not recorded
  9. Eskimo-Aleut / Mackenzie River mouthNorthwest Territories / Mackenzie River mouth - Play / practical
  10. Haida, Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia - Function not recorded
  11. Hesquiaht (Nuu-chah-nulth)Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island - Restricted
  12. Hudson BayWest coast of Hudson Bay - Play / practical
  13. Ihalmiut / Nueltin LakeNunavut / Kivalliq Region - Play / practical
  14. Kwakiutl / Kwakwaka'wakwVancouver Island / British Columbia coast - Restricted
  15. Mi'kmaqMaritime Canada - Function not recorded
  16. Moose CreeMoose Factory, James Bay, - Weather / fertility magic
  17. Mushuau Innu (Naskapi)Labrador - Function not recorded
  18. Netsilik Inuit (Netsilingmiut)King William Island (Qikiqtaq) / Netsilingmiut territory, Kitikmeot, Nunavut - Play / practical
  19. Netsilingmiut, Pelly Bay / Kugaaruk, NunavutKitikmeot / Pelly Bay (Kugaaruk) - Play / practical
  20. Northern Labrador InuitBefore c. 1500 CE - Northern Labrador - Play / practical
  21. Northern Ojibwa, Weagamow Lake, OntarioOntario / Weagamow Lake - Function not recorded
  22. Northern Saulteaux (Ojibwe)Northern Saulteaux country, northwestern Ontario - Weather / fertility magic
  23. Qikiqtani / Belcher Islands Inuit / SanikiluaqNunavut / Belcher Islands - Play / practical
  24. Sallirmiut Inuit / Southampton IslandNunavut / Kivalliq Region - Play / practical
  25. Slavey (Dene, Northern Athapaskan)Fort Nelson, British Columbia - Play / practical
  26. Swampy CreeCross Lake, Northern Manitoba - Weather / fertility magic
  27. TsimshianLower Skeena and Nass rivers, northern BC coast - Sacred / spirit
  28. Yukon First Nations, upper Yukon borderlandsYukon / Scottie Creek-Titus upper Yukon region - Sacred / spirit

Mexico 8

  1. Bahía de los Ángeles burial cave, Baja Californiac. 1500–1800 CE - Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California - Function not recorded
  2. Comcaac (Seri), Bahia de KinoBahia de Kino (Kino Bay), Hermosillo Municipality, Sonora - Function not recorded
  3. Comcaac (Seri), Isla TiburónSonora / Isla Tiburon - Function not recorded
  4. KiliwaBaja California (Arroyo Leon area) - Sacred / spirit
  5. MesbiljaMesbilja, Oxchuc, Chiapas - Function not recorded
  6. OtomiTexcatepec, Veracruz - Play / practical
  7. San José Xilatzén, Tanlajás municipality, Huasteca, San Luis Potosí (no people recorded)Huasteca / San Luis Potosí - Function not recorded
  8. Seri / Comcaac-associated contemporary Bufo ceremonySonora / Seri-Comcaac territory - Sacred / spirit

Greenland 3

  1. Probably Tunumiit (attributed), Site D, Clavering Island, Northeast GreenlandNortheast Greenland / Clavering Island - Function not recorded
  2. Tunumiit (Ammassalik Inuit), East GreenlandAmmassalik district, Groenland oriental (East Greenland) - Play / practical
  3. Tunumiit, Clavering Island (Northeast Greenland)c. 1600–1800 CE - Northeast Greenland / Tunu - Function not recorded

Canada / United States 1

  1. Blackfoot Confederacy, northern PlainsBlackfoot Confederacy territory - Play / practical

Greenland (Denmark) 1

  1. Tunumiit (East Greenland Inuit)Tasiilaq (Ammassalik), East Greenland - Play / practical

United States (Alaska) 1

  1. Ingalik (Deg Hit'an), lower Yukon / Innoko River, interior AlaskaDeg Hit'an (Ingalik) territory, lower Yukon and Innoko rivers, Anvik-Shageluk-Holy Cross region, interior Alaska - Play / practical