PNG16 - ethnographic attestation
Mundugumor
Papua New Guinea - East Sepik - Oceania - Sahul
Sacred / spirit
Source term: bullroarer / sacred flute / slit-gong flags
Among the people Margaret Mead called the Mundugumor — the Biwat of the Yuat, a tributary of the lower Sepik — the great sacred instruments were long bamboo flutes capped with carved wooden figures (wusear), many bearing human hair and sometimes human teeth. The flutes were held to be the children of Asin, the crocodile-mother spirit, and their sound was the voice of that ancestor. During the rite that marked a flute's birth, a water drum stood for the mother crocodile, and initiates were made to crawl into the mouth of a large crocodile effigy to be swallowed and reborn. Gourlay's 1975 survey lists the bullroarer here alongside the flute and the slit-gong; it is the flute, not the bullroarer, that the ethnography of Mead and Nancy McDowell describes in detail.
These long flutes were considered to be the children of the crocodile spirit mother, Asin, and their sounds were believed to embody the voice of this ancestor spirit.
Bonhams, Biwat Sacred Flute Stopper catalogue note (citing Mead 1935; McDowell 1991)
- Object
- bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use; sacred flute occurrence; sacred flute use; slit-gong occurrence; slit-gong use
- Function
- Gourlay source-catalog row with bullroarer use in PNG/Melanesia.
- Map confidence
- medium - alias_geocode
- Source location
- Table 1, row 16