ELMENDORF1960-001 - primary ethnography
Twana (Skokomish and related Hood Canal bands)
United States - Hood Canal - Skokomish River, Puget Sound region, Washington - North America - Pacific Northwest
Play / practical
Source term: bullroarer
Twana boys on Hood Canal had two ways to make a piece of wood sing. One was a perforated astragalus bone on a doubled cord, twisted and pulled taut at both ends until it buzzed. The other was a long, flat, elliptical blade of cedar, pierced at one end and whirled through the air -- bigger, louder, and listed in its own right among the tops, canoes, and popguns that filled a Twana childhood on the water.
The bullroarer was a flat, long, elliptical blade of cedar, perforated at one end...
Elmendorf 1960:227
- Object
- Flat, long, elliptical blade of cedar, perforated at one end; explicitly distinguished from the separate doubled-cord astragalus buzzer described earlier in the same chapter. No dimensions, cord length, or object figure recorded.
- Function
- A boys' toy, listed in Elmendorf's index alongside other children's playthings (tops, play canoe, popgun, buzzer, dolls, swing, shuttlecock); no ceremonial or adult use recorded.
- Map confidence
- medium - Skokomish Indian Reservation anchor on Hood Canal, the Twana homeland Elmendorf documents; not a named performance site.
- Source location
- printed p. 227 (index-confirmed: "Popgun 227, Buzzer 227, Bullroarer 227" under the Toys heading); Internet Archive search-inside scan position 606
- Toy / secular survival