SASIA-007 - secondary catalog
Santal / Singhbhum and Monghyr Districts
Bihar and Orissa - Chota Nagpur - South Asia - East India
Sacred / spirit
Source term: Bull-roarer
At Baha Parab, spirit-possessed participants rushed toward the sacred grove while boys followed with bullroarers, drums, cymbals, and a bugle. The roaring toy entered the festival as part of a dense moving wall of sound, then survived beyond the rite in children's hands.
The Santal Bull-roarer that the author discovered in a village in the Monghyr District in Bihar is not perforated but notched to form a neck for tying the string on.
Roy, "The Bull-Roarer in India," Man in India vol. 7 (1927), p. 63
- Object
- Roy reports Santal bull-roarer use in Singhbhum and Monghyr Districts, including a Monghyr village specimen that was notched for tying the string rather than perforated.
- Function
- At Baha Parab, boys carry bullroarers with drums, cymbals, and bugle behind spirit-possessed participants rushing to the sacred grove; the instrument also survives as a children's toy.
- Map confidence
- medium - Munger/Monghyr District regional anchor because Roy specifically says he found a Santal bull-roarer in an unnamed Monghyr village; the same summary also names Singhbhum District.
- Source location
- Man in India vol. 7 printed p. 63 | Roy, JBORS XIII (1927), pp. 54-61 | Biswas 1956:141
- Toy / secular survival