The Bullroarer Atlas

133 records · Europe

Bullroarer records — Europe

Source-backed bullroarer record pages from Europe, grouped by present-day country. Each page keeps the record text, source line, image credit, and a link back to the same point on the interactive map.

United Kingdom 26

  1. Balham, London S.W. (boy maker unnamed)Balham, Surrey (now London) - Play / practical
  2. Ballycastle / County Antrim and County DownNorth-east Ireland - Play / practical
  3. East Derbyshire, EnglandEast Derbyshire / England - Play / practical
  4. English country boysEngland - Play / practical
  5. English folk (Suffolk)Suffolk, England - Play / practical
  6. English folk / Ashdown Forest specimenEast Sussex / Ashdown Forest - Function not recorded
  7. English folk / BedfordBedfordshire / Bedford - Function not recorded
  8. English folk / BristolBristol - Function not recorded
  9. English folk / ChichesterWest Sussex / Chichester - Function not recorded
  10. English folk / ClanfieldOxfordshire / Clanfield - Function not recorded
  11. English folk / DuxfordCambridgeshire / Duxford - Function not recorded
  12. English folk / HemsbyNorfolk / Hemsby - Function not recorded
  13. English folk / IckletonCambridgeshire / Ickleton - Function not recorded
  14. English folk / NeedingworthCambridgeshire / Needingworth - Function not recorded
  15. English folk / NorwichNorfolk / Norwich / St Paul's Parish - Function not recorded
  16. English folk / NottinghamNottinghamshire / Nottingham - Function not recorded
  17. English folk / OtterbourneHampshire / Otterbourne near Winchester - Function not recorded
  18. English folk / St IvesCambridgeshire / St Ives - Function not recorded
  19. English folk / TewkesburyGloucestershire / Tewkesbury - Function not recorded
  20. English folk / WoodbastwickNorfolk / Woodbastwick - Function not recorded
  21. Gamlingay / Over, CambridgeshireCambridgeshire / Gamlingay or Over - Play / practical
  22. Montgomeryshire, WalesMontgomeryshire / Wales - Play / practical
  23. Oxfordshire, Englandc. 500–1500 CE - England / Oxfordshire - Function not recorded
  24. Pin Hole Cavec. 34,000–22,000 years ago - Creswell Crags / Derbyshire - Function not recorded
  25. Scotland / Aberdeenshire and KincardineshireScotland - Weather / fertility magic
  26. ScottishScotland - Weather / fertility magic

France 18

  1. Abri de Laugerie Bassec. 17,000–11,000 years ago - Dordogne / Les Eyzies - Function not recorded
  2. Badegoulec. 23,000–17,000 BCE - Dordogne - Function not recorded
  3. Bearn shepherdsBearn / Pyrenees - Play / practical
  4. Bourrouilla (Arancou) cavec. 17,000–11,000 years ago - Magdalenian middle to final, Pyrenees-Atlantiques - Sacred / spirit
  5. Château-ChervixLimousin / Haute-Vienne / Château-Chervix - Function not recorded
  6. European mystics of the Middle Ages (Albigensian / Cathar tradition)Languedoc (medieval Albigensian Europe) - Sacred / spirit
  7. Grotte des Eyzies / Grotte Richardc. 14,000–11,000 years ago - Dordogne / Les Eyzies; Magdalenian final attribution - Function not recorded
  8. Isturitz cavec. 17,000–14,000 years ago - Pyrenees-Atlantiques / Isturitz level II; Middle Magdalenian - Function not recorded
  9. La Roche de Birolc. 17,000–11,000 years ago - Dordogne - Function not recorded
  10. La Vache cavec. 15,000 years ago - Magdalenian final, Ariege - Sacred / spirit
  11. Le Morin cavec. 14,000–11,000 years ago - Magdalenian final, Gironde - Sacred / spirit
  12. Leonce Mano / Guidanson, CommensacqLandes / Gascogne - Weather / fertility magic
  13. Lespuguec. 22,000–17,000 BCE - Haute-Garonne / Pyrenees - Function not recorded
  14. Lortet cavec. 15,000–11,000 years ago - Magdalenian IV-VI (Hautes-Pyrenees) - Sacred / spirit
  15. Raymonden / Chanceladec. 15,000–11,000 years ago - Dordogne / Chancelade; Magdalenian superior - Function not recorded
  16. Saint Marcel pendantc. 21,000–14,000 years ago - Saint-Marcel, Indre - Function not recorded
  17. Saint-Hippolyte / Louis MartinSaint-Hippolyte, Charente-Maritime - Play / practical
  18. Villefranche-de-LauragaisHaute-Garonne / Lauragais - Function not recorded

Italy 17

  1. Ales, SardiniaAles (Zeppara), Oristano, Sardinia - Play / practical
  2. Amaseno (FR), LazioLazio / Monti Lepini - Play / practical
  3. Boys of Giugliano in Campania, NaplesCampania - Play / practical
  4. Boys of Marzi, CosenzaCalabria / Cosenza - Play / practical
  5. Boys of Petriolo, MacerataMarche / Macerata - Play / practical
  6. Boys of the Friulian plain (Aquileia, Ronchi, Cervignano)Friuli / Aquileia, Ronchi, Cervignano - Play / practical
  7. Boys of Trieste (Rozzol-Settefontane and other districts)Trieste / Rozzol-Settefontane - Play / practical
  8. Boys of Venice (Fondamente Nuove / Calle delle Tre Croci)Venice / Cannaregio - Play / practical
  9. Contrada Vallebona, MacerataMarche / Macerata - Play / practical
  10. Gavoi, Nuoro, SardiniaSardinia / Barbagia - Play / practical
  11. MistrettaSicily / Messina Province - Sacred / spirit
  12. Mountain folk of the upper Illasi valley, VeronaVeneto / Lessinia - Play / practical
  13. Piedmontese folk (rombo)Piedmont (Riva presso Chieri; Cambiano) - Play / practical
  14. Poffabro (Frisanco), Colvera valley, PordenoneFriuli / Val Colvera - Play / practical
  15. Riparo Gaban, Martignano (Trento)c. 6030–5990 BP - Trentino / Adige valley - Function not recorded
  16. Sant'Andrea Apostolo dello Ionio, CatanzaroCalabria / Catanzaro Ionian coast - Sacred / spirit
  17. Villages around Sora, FrosinoneLazio / Ciociaria - Play / practical

Spain 9

  1. Aitzbitarte IV cavec. 15,000–11,000 years ago - Magdalenian Cantabrian (Errenteria, Gipuzkoa) - Sacred / spirit
  2. Altamira cavec. 22,000–17,000 BCE - Cantabria / Altamira; advanced Solutrean or Magdalenian attribution debated - Function not recorded
  3. Bolinkoba cavec. 17,000–11,000 years ago - Magdalenian Cantabrian (Abadiño, Bizkaia) - Sacred / spirit
  4. Carballedo schoolchildrenGalicia / Lugo / Carballedo - Play / practical
  5. El Pendo cavec. 17,000–11,000 years ago - Cueva de El Pendo, Cantabria; Magdalenian attribution debated within the corpus - Function not recorded
  6. La Paloma cavec. 17,000–14,000 years ago - Asturias / Soto de Las Regueras; Middle Magdalenian - Function not recorded
  7. León, Castilla y LeónLeon / Castilla y Leon - Play / practical
  8. Navarre, Basque Country, and AragonNavarre / Basque Country / Aragon - Play / practical
  9. Roncal Valley shepherdsEastern Navarre pastoral - Play / practical

Croatia 8

  1. Boys of Dignano (Vodnjan); Croatian villages of the RoveziaDignano / Vodnjan, Istria - Play / practical
  2. Boys of the Buie (Buje) countryside, Istrian CarsoBuie / Buje, Istrian Carso - Play / practical
  3. Children of Cittanova / NovigradCittanova / modern Novigrad / Istria - Play / practical
  4. Children of Parenzo (Porec); also Villanova di ParenzoParenzo / Porec, Istria - Play / practical
  5. Children of Rovigno (Rovinj)Rovigno / Rovinj, Istria - Play / practical
  6. Portole (Oprtalj), inland IstriaInland Istria - Play / practical
  7. Shepherds and herders around Lake Arsa; people unrecordedLake Arsa / modern Cepicko polje below Ucka / Istria - Play / practical
  8. Vrbnik, Krk IslandKrk Island (Bodulija), Primorje-Gorski Kotar - Function not recorded

Germany 6

  1. Black Forest folk survival (unnamed group)Black Forest / Schwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg - Play / practical
  2. Boys below school age at GutzlaffshagenGut Gutzlafshagen / modern Gutzlaffshagen near Garz / Rugen - Play / practical
  3. Boys of StolzenauStolzenau / Kingdom of Hanover / modern Lower Saxony - Play / practical
  4. Gadebusch, Mecklenburg (metal-ages findspot)Mecklenburg / Gadebusch - Function not recorded
  5. Pritzerber See / Havellandc. 14,000–10,000 BCE - Pritzerber See, Havelland; Late Paleolithic (14000-10000 v. Chr.) - Function not recorded
  6. Stellmoorc. 12,900–11,700 BP - Northern Germany / Ahrensburg culture - Function not recorded

Netherlands 5

  1. Alkmaar, North HollandNorth Holland / Alkmaar - Play / practical
  2. Groningen folk (snorrebot)Groningen province (NE-Netherlands dialect belt) - Play / practical
  3. Middenbeemster, Keyserkerk cemetery (charnel pit, feature 114)c. 1615–1867 CE - North Holland / Beemster polder - Play / practical
  4. Tilburg-Kraaiven Late Mesolithic settlement siteNorth Brabant / Tilburg-Kraaiven - Function not recorded
  5. Utrecht, Wittevrouwenstraat 8-10 (cesspit 2O and drainage system 3U)Two objects: before c. 1500; 1640–1914 CE - Utrecht / city centre - Play / practical

Slovenia 5

  1. Boys of Capodistria (Koper)Capodistria / Koper, Istria - Play / practical
  2. Boys of Postumia (Postojna) and the nearby countrysidePostumia / Postojna, Carniola - Play / practical
  3. Children of Pirano (Piran)Pirano / Piran, Istria - Play / practical
  4. Mala Triglavca rock shelter (Divača)c. 10,000–5500 BCE - Kras (Karst) plateau / Divača - Function not recorded
  5. Slovenia (maker and locality not recorded)Slovenia - Play / practical

Greece 3

  1. Ancient Greece / Dionysiac mysteriesRestricted
  2. Athenian Sabazios mysteries (Glaukothea / Aeschines)Classical Athens, mid-4th c. BCE - Restricted
  3. Modern Greek folk traditionGreece; country-wide folk-instrument attestation, locality unrecorded - Function not recorded

Norway 3

  1. Madla, Stavanger, Rogaland — maker Tormod Ropeid of HafrsfjordRogaland / Stavanger - Play / practical
  2. Norwegian fishermenNorwegian fjords - Weather / fertility magic
  3. Tuv at Saltstraumen, Bodø Municipalityc. 3040–2620 BCE - Nordland / Saltstraumen - Function not recorded

Romania 3

  1. Hungarian-speaking children in AradArad / Maros (Mures) embankment - Play / practical
  2. Romanian Army veterans, Bucesti village, behind the Siret lineSiret front, Galati county - Play / practical
  3. Székely Hungarian children (Esztelnek)Covasna / Esztelnek (Estelnic) - Play / practical

Sweden 3

  1. Bieve Niila at the Basseuk'sa/Ganiiuk'sa bird-stone and cave sacred placeBASSEUK'SA / GANIIUK'SA, Small Lule River / Tarrekaise sacred-site narrative - Sacred / spirit
  2. Lund, Helgonabacken (urban find)Undated - Lund / Skåne - Play / practical
  3. Scania young menScania / Skåne - Sacred / spirit

Ukraine 3

  1. Polish children of Bzowica (Bzovytsia), Zboriv districtTernopil oblast / former Tarnopol voivodeship - Play / practical
  2. Ukraine Paleolithic claimUkraine, site not specified by Gregor - Function not recorded
  3. Ukrainians (Volyn)Volyn / Kovel - Play / practical

Hungary 2

  1. Hajdúszoboszló, Hajdú countyHajdú district, Kingdom of Hungary - Play / practical
  2. Kissziget, Zala county (Goecsej Hungarian folk)Zala county (Goecsej region) - Play / practical

Latvia 2

  1. Cēsis Castle (moat, western slope, north tower)12th–19th centuries CE - Vidzeme / Livonia - Play / practical
  2. Riga, Alksnāja Street 11/13 excavations13th–17th centuries CE - Riga old town - Function not recorded

Poland 2

  1. Children or users of Ratzebuhr otherwise unrecordedRatzebuhr / Kreis Neustettin / Hinterpommern / modern Okonek - Function not recorded
  2. Marienwerder / Kwidzyn regionWest Prussia - Play / practical

Switzerland 2

  1. Basel fair-goers (folk survival, unnamed group)Basel, Switzerland - Play / practical
  2. Swiss folk tradition; Ticino nameTicino / Switzerland-wide folk tradition - Play / practical

Belgium 1

  1. Belgium, locality unrecorded — MIM Brussels inv. 2295Belgium (locality unrecorded) - Play / practical

Bulgaria 1

  1. Bulgarian folk traditionBulgaria - Play / practical

Czech Republic 1

  1. Dolní Věstonice–Pavlov–Předmostí (Pavlovian)c. 24,000 years ago - Moravia; Pavlovian (eastern Gravettian) - Function not recorded

Denmark 1

  1. Kongemose / Kongemosenc. 6500 BCE - Aamose / western Zealand - Function not recorded

Estonia 1

  1. Estonians / Karja parishKarja parish, Saaremaa - Play / practical

Finland 1

  1. Finnish (Savonian-settled Ostrobothnia), Sarjankylä village, NivalaPohjois-Pohjanmaa (North Ostrobothnia) / Nivala - Play / practical

France / Spain 1

  1. Basque children and rural usersBasque Country / Alava, Lekeitio, Sara - Play / practical

Ireland 1

  1. Maynooth, Co. Kildare (Ireland)Irish Folklife Collection / Maynooth donor metadata - Play / practical

Lithuania 1

  1. Lithuanian herdersLithuania (country-level) - Play / practical

Poland / Ukraine 1

  1. Poles and Ruthenians on the San River, GaliciaGalicia / San River - Play / practical

Portugal 1

  1. PortugalPortugal - Play / practical

Russia 1

  1. Medieval Novgorod (Rus')13th–14th centuries CE - Novgorod the Great (Sophia and Trade sides) - Function not recorded

Serbia 1

  1. Torzsa (today Savino Selo), Danube Swabian German villagersBácska (Bács-Bodrog county), Kingdom of Hungary - Play / practical

Slovakia 1

  1. Slovak villages around MalaczkaWest slope of the Little Carpathians around Malaczka (now Malacky) - Play / practical

Sweden / Norway (Finnskogen belt) 1

  1. Forest Finns (metsäsuomalaiset)Värmland–Hedmark Finnskogen (Forest Finn settlement belt) - Play / practical

United Kingdom (Scotland) 1

  1. Scottish Highlands folk (Argyllshire)Argyllshire (W Highlands); also seen in use in Edinburgh - Play / practical