{"id":"VOEGELIN1942-002","label":"Hayfork Wintu storm-wind bullroarer","people_or_site":"Hayfork Wintu (Trinity River Wintu)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Hayfork Valley, Trinity County, northwestern California","macroregion":"North America / California","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Wooden bullroarer.","function_summary":"Produced storm or wind; also whirled by boys for amusement, and only boys and men used it.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"voegelin1942_ne_california","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84125","page_or_plate":"pp. 49, 94 (elements 2116-2123)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Hayfork, Trinity County community anchor — the informant's lifelong home and the band's namesake locality; not a performance site or findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"A wooden blade at Hayfork did double duty: boys whirled it for fun, and its roar was credited with producing storm or wind. William 'Whiskey Bill' George, reared at Hayfork in the Trinity country and living there all his life, affirmed both uses to Erminie Voegelin in 1936, along with the rule that only boys and men handled it. Across California that put the Wintu in two camps at once — among the many peoples who made it a plaything, and among the scattered few who trusted it with the weather.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Erminie W. Voegelin, Culture Element Distributions: XX, Northeast California, Anthropological Records 7:2 (1942)","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84125","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013032403/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84125"}],"source_citations":"Erminie W. Voegelin, Culture Element Distributions: XX, Northeast California, Anthropological Records 7:2 (1942)","source_display":"Erminie W. Voegelin, Culture Element Distributions: XX, Northeast California, Anthropological Records 7:2 (1942)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Wooden bullroarer.","function_display":"Produced storm or wind; also whirled by boys for amusement, and only boys and men used it.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"hayfork wintu","display_name":"Hayfork Wintu storm-wind bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-008_nmai_18-9685_karuk.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-008_nmai_18-9685_karuk_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Karuk bone bullroarer with fine diamond-chevron engraving and fibre cord wound around one end.","credit":"National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (18/9685)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (NMAI)","source_page":"https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_202773","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Karuk bone bullroarer incised with fine diamond chevrons and wound with fibre cord.","pool_id":"auto-MUS2026-008_nmai_18-9685_karuk"},"slug":"voegelin1942-002-hayfork-wintu-trinity-river-wintu"}