{"id":"TOLNAI1920-001","label":"Arad Maros zúgattyú bullroarer","people_or_site":"Hungarian-speaking children in Arad","country_current":"Romania","historic_region":"Arad / Maros (Mures) embankment","macroregion":"Europe / Eastern Europe","local_name":"zúgattyú","source_term":"zúgattyú","source_language":"Hungarian","object_description":"Thin board with a terminal hole or narrowed neck, on a half- to one-metre cord, sometimes with a stick handle, spun in a large circle.","function_summary":"Children's toy","attestation_type":"historical_text","source_key":"tolnai1920_arad_zugattyu","source_type":"ethnographic_article","source_url":"https://real-j.mtak.hu/17302/1/Ethnographia_1920_031.pdf","page_or_plate":"printed p. 114","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Arad city-riverfront anchor; no exact embankment site recovered.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Remembering Arad in the early 1880s, Tolnai recalled children taking the zúgattyú out to the Maros embankment. Its thin board, tied to a half- to one-metre cord and sometimes worked from a stick handle, was spun in a broad circle.","pull_quote":"A múlt század nyolcvanas éveinek elején Aradon tízen-tizenöten is kiállottunk a Maros töltésére és fáradhatatlanul „hajtottuk” a zúgattyut; ha jobb karunk belefáradt, a ballal, és fölváltva.","pull_quote_translation":"Early in the 1880s, in Arad, as many as ten or fifteen of us would stand out on the Maros embankment and tirelessly 'drive' the zúgattyú; when our right arms tired, with the left, and so by turns.","pull_quote_cite":"Tolnai Vilmos, 'Zúgattyú,' Ethnographia 31 (1920), p. 114","term_gloss":"zúgattyú = Hungarian whirring-board / bullroarer term in Tolnai’s article.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Tolnai Vilmos, 'Zúgattyú,' Ethnographia 31 (1920), p. 114","url":"https://real-j.mtak.hu/17302/1/Ethnographia_1920_031.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251221143156/https://real-j.mtak.hu/17302/1/Ethnographia_1920_031.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Tolnai Vilmos, 'Zúgattyú,' Ethnographia 31 (1920), p. 114","source_display":"Tolnai Vilmos, 'Zúgattyú,' Ethnographia 31 (1920), p. 114","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Thin board with a terminal hole or narrowed neck, on a half- to one-metre cord, sometimes with a stick handle, spun in a large circle.","function_display":"Children's toy","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"historical text","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"hungarian children","display_name":"Arad Maros zúgattyú bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_15/GONCZI1914-001_gonczi1914_figs18_21.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_15/thumbs/GONCZI1914-001_gonczi1914_figs18_21_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Hungarian folk toy plate with bullroarer blades, cords and long handles, alongside string spinners, disks and tops.","credit":"Ferenc Gonczi, Gocsej s kapcsolatosan Hetes videkenek es nepenek osszevontabb ismertetese (1914), figs. 18–21","license":"Public domain in the United States (published 1914)","source_page":"https://mtda.hu/books/gonczi_ferenc_gocsej.pdf","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Hungarian folk bullroarer rig."},"slug":"tolnai1920-001-hungarian-speaking-children-in-arad"}