{"id":"TALBOT1926-002","label":"Bakundu Eboku bull-roarer","people_or_site":"Bakundu (Mbonge)","country_current":"Cameroon","historic_region":"Southwest Cameroon / Meme Division (Bakundu)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"Eboku","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bull-roarer.","function_summary":"Sounded by many of the Bakundu secret associations.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"talbot1926_peoples_southern_nigeria_vol3","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012875871","page_or_plate":"vol. 3 p. 794","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Bakundu regional anchor at Kumba, chief town of Meme Division and centre of the Bakundu villages; Talbot p. 794 names no performance locality.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Forest farmers of the Meme country, behind Mount Cameroon, the Bakundu bound their men into a stack of secret associations — and the roarer that served them, Eboku, was taken by outsiders for the very voice of the juju. Talbot found it feared most by those shut out of the societies: a booming out of the dark meant the men's business was abroad, and the uninitiated did best to keep clear. One Bakundu roarer had already reached a European collector before 1903, catalogued only as a \"power object\"; Talbot's page gives it the name and the dread the museum tag left blank.","pull_quote":"The bull-roarer, called Eboku by Bakundu, is used by many of the associations and is much feared, especially by non-members, who believe it to be the voice of the juju.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Talbot, The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, vol. 3 (1926), p. 794.","term_gloss":"Eboku: Talbot's transcription of the Bakundu (Oroko / Lukundu) name for the bull-roarer.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"P. Amaury Talbot, The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, vol. 3 (Oxford, 1926), p. 794","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012875871"}],"source_citations":"P. Amaury Talbot, The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, vol. 3 (Oxford, 1926), p. 794","source_display":"P. Amaury Talbot, The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, vol. 3 (Oxford, 1926), p. 794","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bull-roarer.","function_display":"Sounded by many of the Bakundu secret associations.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"bakundu","display_name":"Bakundu Eboku bull-roarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/EXH2026-027_tessmann1919_abb2.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/EXH2026-027_tessmann1919_abb2_thumb.jpg","alt":"Tessmann's 1919 diagram of two tall ancestor forms flanking a notched bullroarer with a cord; the right-hand Bafia form has a face between two pointed projections.","credit":"G. Tessmann, \"Die Bafia,\" Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 51 (1919), Abb. 2","license":"Public domain (published 1919)","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfre51berluoft","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Tessmann's 1919 drawing of Bafia blades","pool_id":"auto-EXH2026-027_tessmann1919_abb2","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"talbot1926-002-bakundu-mbonge"}