{"id":"SUBSAH-021","label":"Tupuri (Toupouri)","people_or_site":"Tupuri (Toupouri)","country_current":"Chad","historic_region":"SW Chad / N Cameroon (Mayo-Kebbi)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"","object_description":"A bull-roarer; its form is not recorded.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"mining2026","source_type":"secondary_literature","source_url":"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL12384758W","page_or_plate":"Arnaud & Lecomte 2006","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"approximate territory centroid (mining 2026)","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Tupuri, fisher-farmers of the Mayo-Kebbi wetlands where Chad meets Cameroon, the bull-roarer is known by name alone. Theirs is a world ordered by the gurna, the generation-initiation, and crowded with the barkage, water-spirits who fill Tupuri rivers and speak every visitor's language; whether the whirled blade had any part in either is unknown.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Arnaud & Lecomte, Musiques de toutes les Afriques (2006)","url":"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL12384758W"}],"source_citations":"Arnaud & Lecomte, Musiques de toutes les Afriques (2006)","source_display":"Arnaud & Lecomte, Musiques de toutes les Afriques (2006)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bull-roarer; its form is not recorded.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"tupuri","display_name":"Tupuri (Toupouri)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-156_mkb_iii_12457.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-156_mkb_iii_12457_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Mafa millet-stalk roarer from Cameroon.","credit":"Museum der Kulturen Basel, III 12457","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://onlinecollection.mkb.ch/?queries=query%3Dsearch%3DInventory%2520number%3DIII%252012457%26showtype%3Drecord","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Mafa millet-stalk roarer from Cameroon.","pool_id":"auto-MUS2026-156_mkb_iii_12457"},"slug":"subsah-021-tupuri-toupouri"}