{"id":"SUBSAH-020","label":"Goula Iro Yontô bullroarer, Boum Kabir","people_or_site":"Goula Iro of Boum Kabir","country_current":"Chad","historic_region":"Boum Kabir, north shore of Lake Iro, southeastern Chad","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"yondo / yontô","source_term":"rhombe / yontô","source_language":"","object_description":"Whirled slat understood as the speech of Yontô.","function_summary":"Voice of Yontô during boys' initiation, which staged death, burial and rebirth into adult status.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"pairault1964_boum_kabir_yonto","source_type":"secondary_literature","source_url":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1964_num_34_1_1382","page_or_plate":"p. 141 n.3","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Boum Kabir populated-place coordinate on the north shore of Lake Iro.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"At Boum Kabir, boys of ten or fifteen were called to “die yondo.” The men's initiation was a death: with their age-mates they went through a symbolic burial outside the village, and came back reborn as a new generation of adult men. Over this manufactured death and rebirth sounded the rhombe, heard as the speech of Yontô, the spirit who presided over the ordeal. The Goula Iro said the initiation had been borrowed from their Sara neighbours about a century earlier.","pull_quote":"Le rhombe est assimilé à la parole de Yontô.","pull_quote_translation":"The bullroarer is identified with the speech of Yontô.","pull_quote_cite":"Pairault, Journal de la Société des Africanistes 34(1) (1964), p. 141 n. 3","term_gloss":"yondo (also yontô): the men's initiation. Yontô is the spirit who presides over the boys' death and rebirth in the bush.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","death_rebirth"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Claude Pairault, 'Boum Kabir en présence de la mort,' Journal de la Société des Africanistes 34(1) (1964): 141–167, at p. 141 and n. 3","url":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1964_num_34_1_1382","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240906091232/https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1964_num_34_1_1382"}],"source_citations":"Claude Pairault, 'Boum Kabir en présence de la mort,' Journal de la Société des Africanistes 34(1) (1964): 141–167, at p. 141 and n. 3","source_display":"Claude Pairault, 'Boum Kabir en présence de la mort,' Journal de la Société des Africanistes 34(1) (1964): 141–167, at p. 141 and n. 3","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Whirled slat understood as the speech of Yontô.","function_display":"Voice of Yontô during boys' initiation, which staged death, burial and rebirth into adult status.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"goula iro","display_name":"Goula Iro Yontô bullroarer, Boum Kabir","image":{"full":"assets/objects/prm/prm_39564.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/prm/thumbs/prm_39564_thumb.jpg","credit":"© Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (acc. 1924.2.36)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-39564","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Thin dark wooden slat with cord coiled through its perforated end."},"slug":"subsah-020-goula-iro-of-boum-kabir"}