{"id":"SUBSAH-016","label":"Lamba","people_or_site":"Lamba","country_current":"Zambia","historic_region":"Copperbelt / Lambaland, Zambia-Katanga border","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"lendya","source_term":"lendya","source_language":"","object_description":"A bull-roarer made of the bulb of the gladiolus plant twirled on a string.","function_summary":"A children's plaything only, whirled for the roaring noise, with no further significance among the Lamba.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"mining2026","source_type":"secondary_literature","source_url":"https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.283446/2015.283446.The-Lambas_djvu.txt","page_or_plate":"p. 367","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"approximate territory centroid (mining 2026)","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Lamba of the Copperbelt, on the Zambia–Katanga border, the bull-roarer was the bulb of the gladiolus plant twirled on a string. The missionary-linguist Clement Doke, who lived among the Lamba from 1914 to 1921 and published his study in 1931, recorded that they called it lendya and applied to it the term intambangoma, their word for a friction drum. But among the Lamba, Doke wrote, the bull-roarer was a child's plaything and had no further significance.","pull_quote":"The term intambangoma is also applied to the lendya, or bull-roarer, the bulb of the gladiolus plant twirled on string. But among the Lambas the bull-roarer is but a child's plaything, and has no further significance.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Doke, The Lambas of Northern Rhodesia (1931), \"Folklore and Music\"","term_gloss":"lendya — Lamba name for the bull-roarer.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"Doke's glossary gives lendya as a gladiolus bulb used as a bull-roarer.","literal_gloss":"gladiolus bulb used as bull-roarer","semantic_cluster":"plant; object_material","etymology_confidence":"high","sources":[{"citation":"Doke, The Lambas of Northern Rhodesia (1931)","url":"https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.283446/2015.283446.The-Lambas_djvu.txt"}],"source_citations":"Doke, The Lambas of Northern Rhodesia (1931)","source_display":"Doke, The Lambas of Northern Rhodesia (1931)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bull-roarer made of the bulb of the gladiolus plant twirled on a string.","function_display":"A children's plaything only, whirled for the roaring noise, with no further significance among the Lamba.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"lamba","display_name":"Lamba","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/nms_A1899_94.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/nms_A1899_94_thumb.jpg","credit":"© National Museums Scotland (A.1899.94)","license":"In copyright — rehosted low-res for non-commercial research; object rights listed as status-to-be-confirmed","source_page":"https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=339800","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Blantyre bamboo bullroarer, cord wound round it."},"slug":"subsah-016-lamba"}