{"id":"STEWART1942-005","label":"Taviwatsiu Ute rawhide bullroarer","people_or_site":"Taviwatsiu Ute (White River Ute)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Front Range near Denver, Colorado (band removed to the Uintah Reservation, 1880)","macroregion":"North America / Great Basin","local_name":"nia'monöpö","source_term":"Bull-roarer: of rawhide","source_language":"English","object_description":"Whirrer of rawhide swung on a string with a wooden handle; a wooden blade was denied.","function_summary":"A toy; also whirled to make wind blow and clear away clouds, effective only for people born in summer, and kept among a shaman's paraphernalia.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"stewart1942_ute_southern_paiute","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548","page_or_plate":"printed p. 291 (els. 2794, 2795, 2797, 2799, 2800, 2802 +; 2792 wood -); p. 315 (el. 4087 +); vocabulary p. 352; band p. 237; informants p. 238","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Representative anchor at Denver, which Stewart's informants remembered as the former center of the Taviwatsiu area (Lowie: 'those formerly west of Denver'); the band removed to the Uintah Reservation in 1880, where Stewart interviewed them.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Denver was theirs once: the White River Ute still named it as the former center of Taviwatsiu country when Stewart came to the Uintah Reservation to ask. Their bull-roarer blade was rawhide, not wood, whirled on a handled string — a child's toy, but in summer-born hands a tool to raise wind and clear clouds, and an item of a shaman's kit. Jane Tonem-Pickett, who told him most of it, had been living at Grand Junction when the Meeker fight of 1879 broke over the band; within a year her people were removed across the mountains to Utah.","pull_quote":"Used effectively only by people born in summer.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Stewart 1942:291, element 2802","term_gloss":"nia'monöpö: the Taviwatsiu term for the bull-roarer in Stewart's comparative vocabulary (shared with the Timpanogots); no literal gloss is given.","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), pp. 237-238, 291, 315 and 352","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013023604/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548"}],"source_citations":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), pp. 237-238, 291, 315 and 352","source_display":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), pp. 237-238, 291, 315 and 352","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Whirrer of rawhide swung on a string with a wooden handle; a wooden blade was denied.","function_display":"A toy; also whirled to make wind blow and clear away clouds, effective only for people born in summer, and kept among a shaman's paraphernalia.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"taviwatsiu ute","display_name":"Taviwatsiu Ute rawhide bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NAAIN-007_naain-007-nmai-25-9278.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAAIN-007_naain-007-nmai-25-9278_thumb.jpg","alt":"Pale rawhide bullroarer blade linked by a long flat cord to a slender wooden handle; made by Norman Joseph Plante in Belcourt, 1968.","credit":"Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, 25/9278","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (© Smithsonian NMAI); authorization required for website publication; proposed for non-commercial research rehosting. Metadata CC0.","source_page":"https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_275268","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Turtle Mountain Chippewa rawhide blade, cord and handle","pool_id":"auto-NAAIN-007_naain-007-nmai-25-9278"},"slug":"stewart1942-005-taviwatsiu-ute-white-river-ute"}