{"id":"STEWART1942-001","label":"Deep Creek Goshute toy bullroarer","people_or_site":"Deep Creek Goshute (Pieroagönota)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Deep Creek Valley / Ibapah, western Utah, edge of the Great Salt Lake Desert","macroregion":"North America / Great Basin","local_name":"","source_term":"Bull-roarer: whirrer of wood","source_language":"English","object_description":"Whirrer of wood; the wooden handle on a string used by the Ute bands was denied.","function_summary":"Whirled as a toy; no weather or ritual use recorded.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"stewart1942_ute_southern_paiute","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548","page_or_plate":"printed p. 291 (els. 2792 +, 2797 toy +; 2795 handle -, weather els. -); band p. 236; informants p. 238","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Ibapah, Utah — the Deep Creek band's center near Ibapah Mountain (Stewart p. 236); principal informant Commodore had always lived near Ibapah.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"In the dry valleys under Ibapah Mountain, on the southwestern edge of the Great Salt Lake Desert, Goshute children whirled a wooden roarer purely for the sound of it. Stewart's chief witness was Commodore, a blind man of about ninety-six who had lived his whole life near Ibapah — he refused to be interviewed at first, then, after overhearing a younger man's answers, decided he alone could tell the truth about the old ways. In his country the whirrer was a plaything and nothing more, with none of the wind-working powers the Ute bands claimed for it.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), p. 291, elements 2792-2802; band and informant notes pp. 236, 238","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013023604/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/83548"}],"source_citations":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), p. 291, elements 2792-2802; band and informant notes pp. 236, 238","source_display":"Omer C. Stewart, Culture Element Distributions: XVIII, Ute-Southern Paiute, Anthropological Records 6(4) (1942), p. 291, elements 2792-2802; band and informant notes pp. 236, 238","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Whirrer of wood; the wooden handle on a string used by the Ute bands was denied.","function_display":"Whirled as a toy; no weather or ritual use recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"deep creek","display_name":"Deep Creek Goshute toy bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BUFO2026-001.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BUFO2026-001_thumb.jpg","alt":"Two dark Comcaac (Seri) ironwood bullroarer blades with attached cords looping above them, laid horizontally above a measurement scale.","credit":"Courtesy of the Penn Museum (non-commercial / educational use)","license":"Penn Museum — educational/non-commercial use","source_page":"https://collections.penn.museum/collections/object/233650","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Pair of Comcaac (Seri) ironwood bullroarers with cords, Penn Museum.","last_modified":"2026-08-11"},"slug":"stewart1942-001-deep-creek-goshute-pieroagonota"}