{"id":"STEWART1941-010","label":"Achomawi mountain-sheep-horn bullroarer","people_or_site":"Achomawi (Pit River), Likely and Alturas","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Upper Pit River drainage and the western slopes of the Warner Range, northeastern California","macroregion":"North America / California","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer (wimo'to is Stewart's element heading, not an Achomawi word)","source_language":"English","object_description":"Recorded in two forms, wood and mountain-sheep horn.","function_summary":"Swung as a children's toy and to make the wind blow; recorded in both wood and mountain-sheep horn.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"stewart1941_ced14_northern_paiute","source_type":"culture_element_distribution","source_url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","page_or_plate":"Stewart 1941, pp. 365, 401, 403; Steward 1941, p. 250; Steward 1943, p. 357","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Upper Pit River drainage between Likely and Alturas, California. Territory anchor for the named people; not a use site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Achomawi of the upper Pit River — Californian neighbours of the Surprise Valley Paiute — held more bullroarer than any of the Paiute bands around them: a wooden whirrer, a toy use, a wind use, and one thing nobody else nearby had, a bullroarer made of mountain sheep horn. The horn roarer stops with them: across Idaho and Utah the horn whirrer was denied by every Shoshoni band — which is how a boundary gets drawn, from both sides.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 365, 401 and 403; Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), p. 250; Steward 1943, p. 357","url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260814093943/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 365, 401 and 403; Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), p. 250; Steward 1943, p. 357","source_display":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 365, 401 and 403; Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), p. 250; Steward 1943, p. 357","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Recorded in two forms, wood and mountain-sheep horn.","function_display":"Swung as a children's toy and to make the wind blow; recorded in both wood and mountain-sheep horn.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"achomawi","display_name":"Achomawi mountain-sheep-horn bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/SAYLES1941-001_plate14_no4.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/SAYLES1941-001_plate14_no4_thumb.jpg","alt":"Sayles’s curved 42 cm blade labeled Bull-roarer (?), from an infant burial, Plate 14 no. 4.","credit":"E. B. Sayles, Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 13 (1941), Plate 14 no. 4 — via UNT Portal to Texas History","license":"Published 1941 (US); no copyright renewal found — believed public domain (unconfirmed)","source_page":"https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1013875/","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"The 42 cm blade Sayles labeled 'Bull-roarer (?)', from the infant burial","pool_id":"auto-SAYLES1941-001_plate14_no4","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"stewart1941-010-achomawi-pit-river-likely-and-alturas"}