{"id":"STEWART1941-008","label":"Sawawaktodo-tuviwarai wind-making wimo'to","people_or_site":"Sawawaktodo-tuviwarai ('sagebrush-mountain dwellers') Northern Paiute","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Middle Humboldt River around Winnemucca, north-central Nevada","macroregion":"North America / Great Basin","local_name":"wimo'to","source_term":"bull-roarer (wimo'to)","source_language":"English","object_description":"A wooden whirrer; not described further.","function_summary":"Swung to make the wind blow; toy use denied.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"stewart1941_ced14_northern_paiute","source_type":"culture_element_distribution","source_url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","page_or_plate":"Stewart 1941, pp. 364, 401, 403","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Middle Humboldt River near Winnemucca, where both. Territory anchor for the named people; not a use site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Sawawaktodo-tuviwarai, the 'sagebrush-mountain dwellers' of the middle Humboldt, the roarer was for wind and not for children — the eastern Northern Paiute pattern. Three bands to the north told it the same way: the 'red-butte dwellers' of the Quinn River, the Tago-toka of the Owyhee, and the 'wada-seed eaters' of Malheur Lake.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"Wimo'to: Stewart's survey-wide Northern Paiute element heading for the bullroarer.","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 364, 401 and 403","url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260814093943/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 364, 401 and 403","source_display":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 364, 401 and 403","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A wooden whirrer; not described further.","function_display":"Swung to make the wind blow; toy use denied.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"sawawaktodo tuviwarai","display_name":"Sawawaktodo-tuviwarai wind-making wimo'to","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-001.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-001_thumb.jpg","alt":"Mishongnovi Hopi bullroarer: a white-painted wooden blade with a yellow-green zigzag snake outlined in black running along its length, and a hole near one rounded end.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum, Am1891,0612.21","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Am1891-0612-21","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Painted Hopi snake-lightning bullroarer from Mishongnovi, British Museum.","pool_id":"american-west-hopi-snake-lightning","last_modified":"2026-08-11"},"slug":"stewart1941-008-sawawaktodo-tuviwarai-sagebrush-mountain-dwellers-northern-paiute"}