{"id":"STEWART1941-006","label":"Toe-dokado wimo'to of the Carson Sink","people_or_site":"Toe-dokado ('tule eaters') Northern Paiute, Stillwater and Fallon","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Carson Sink, Carson Lake and the lower Carson River, western Nevada","macroregion":"North America / Great Basin","local_name":"wimo'to","source_term":"bull-roarer (wimo'to)","source_language":"English","object_description":"A wooden whirrer: a flattened board about six inches long and two to three wide, serrated on both edges, tied to its string at one end and twirled over the head.","function_summary":"Swung both as a children's toy and to make the wind blow.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"stewart1941_ced14_northern_paiute","source_type":"culture_element_distribution","source_url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","page_or_plate":"Stewart 1941, pp. 363, 401, 403; Liljeblad, Fowler & Powell 2012, p. 670","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Carson Sink and lower Carson River, the territory Stewart assigns the band; Stillwater and Fallon lie within it. Not a use site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The tule eaters held the Carson Sink, and their roarer worked both sides of the line the eastern bands drew: it was a toy, and it was swung to bring the wind. Their country is also where the only mechanical description in the Northern Paiute lexicon comes from - a flat slat, the string tied at one end, twirled above the head - recorded from Wuzzie George in the Fallon dialect long after Stewart's visit. Neighbouring bands have been quoted on that description for want of one of their own. It was always this band's.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"Wimo'to / wimoto: the Northern Paiute bullroarer term; the modern dictionary entry for it is recorded in the Fallon dialect, which is this band's speech.","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 363, 401 and 403; Sven Liljeblad, Catherine S. Fowler and Glenda Powell, Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary (University of Utah Press, 2012), p. 670, s.v. wimoto","url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260814093943/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar004-004.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 363, 401 and 403; Sven Liljeblad, Catherine S. Fowler and Glenda Powell, Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary (University of Utah Press, 2012), p. 670, s.v. wimoto","source_display":"Omer C. Stewart, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIV, Northern Paiute,' Anthropological Records 4:3 (1941), pp. 363, 401 and 403; Sven Liljeblad, Catherine S. Fowler and Glenda Powell, Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary (University of Utah Press, 2012), p. 670, s.v. wimoto","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A wooden whirrer: a flattened board about six inches long and two to three wide, serrated on both edges, tied to its string at one end and twirled over the head.","function_display":"Swung both as a children's toy and to make the wind blow.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"toe dokado","display_name":"Toe-dokado wimo'to of the Carson Sink","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-106_mus2026-106-nmai-17-6836.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-106_mus2026-106-nmai-17-6836_thumb.jpg","alt":"Swampy Cree bullroarer from Cross Lake, Manitoba: a pale wooden blade with teeth along both edges, joined by cord to a long handle.","credit":"Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, 17/6836","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (© Smithsonian NMAI); authorization required for website publication; proposed for non-commercial research rehosting. Metadata CC0.","source_page":"https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_189343","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Swampy Cree wooden blade with cord and handle, Cross Lake","pool_id":"auto-MUS2026-106_mus2026-106-nmai-17-6836"},"slug":"stewart1941-006-toe-dokado-tule-eaters-northern-paiute-stillwater-and-fallon"}