{"id":"SANTACRUZ2026-001","label":"Santa Cruz Island ochre-filled bone blades","people_or_site":"Santa Cruz Island archaeological site C83","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Santa Cruz Island / Channel Islands / California","macroregion":"North America","local_name":"","source_term":"bullroarer-like pendant","source_language":"English","object_description":"Two flat bone blades with one near-terminal perforation each; a zigzag decorates one and a ladder-like design the other, with red ochre emphasizing punctures on one face of each.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"gifford1940_santa_cruz_c83_q8","source_type":"archaeological_catalog","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84147","page_or_plate":"pp. 157 (C83); 175 (Q8); 197 (specimen key); 221 (drawings)","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"candidate_only","coordinate_basis":"Centroid of Santa Cruz Island, Channel Islands, California, standing for archaeological site C83; not the site's own location or a findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Red ochre picked out the punctured designs on these two bone blades from West ranch, Santa Cruz Island. One design zigzags like lightning; the other forms a ladder-like grid. On each blade the decoration occupies a single face, turning small hollows in pale bone into lines of colour. Gifford filed them among his pendants, but thought their shapes, and the lightning on one, pointed to another use.","pull_quote":"Possible use suggested by shape of both, and lightning-like design on 1.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Gifford 1940:175","term_gloss":"Q8: Gifford's catalogue class for two bullroarer-like bone pendants","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":true,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 1400 BC–AD 300","date_qualification":"Middle Period phase M1 site/cemetery horizon; the pair is not directly dated.","date_basis":"site_horizon","date_confidence":"low","date_citation":"gifford1940_santa_cruz_c83_q8, Gifford 1940 pp. 158–159, 174–175 and 221; Glassow et al. 2007 p. 202; King 1990 p. 33","sources":[{"citation":"E. W. Gifford, Californian Bone Artifacts, Anthropological Records 3(2) (1940), pp. 157, 175, 197 and 221 (UCMA 1-36290 and 1-36291)","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84147","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210313041510/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84147"}],"source_citations":"E. W. Gifford, Californian Bone Artifacts, Anthropological Records 3(2) (1940), pp. 157, 175, 197 and 221 (UCMA 1-36290 and 1-36291)","source_display":"E. W. Gifford, Californian Bone Artifacts, Anthropological Records 3(2) (1940), pp. 157, 175, 197 and 221 (UCMA 1-36290 and 1-36291)","date_citation_display":"Gifford 1940 pp. 158–159, 174–175 and 221; Glassow et al. 2007 p. 202; King 1990 p. 33","object_display":"Two flat bone blades with one near-terminal perforation each; a zigzag decorates one and a ladder-like design the other, with red ochre emphasizing punctures on one face of each.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"santa cruz","display_name":"Santa Cruz Island ochre-filled bone blades","image":{"full":"assets/objects/SANTACRUZ2026-001_gifford1940_q8_c83_pair.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/SANTACRUZ2026-001_gifford1940_q8_c83_pair_thumb.jpg","alt":"Gifford’s drawings of two pierced Santa Cruz Island bone blades: one broad and rounded with dotted zigzags, the other long and tapering with a dotted grid.","credit":"E. W. Gifford, Californian Bone Artifacts, Anthropological Records 3(2) (1940), type Q8 drawings, p. 221","license":"Public domain in the US (1940 US publication; no copyright renewal found, HathiTrust full view)","source_page":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84147","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Gifford's drawings of the two Santa Cruz Island bone blades, pierced near one end, with dotted zigzag and crosshatch."},"slug":"santacruz2026-001-santa-cruz-island-archaeological-site-c83"}