{"id":"SA-Z1953-025","label":"Itonama bullroarer","people_or_site":"Itonama","country_current":"Bolivia","historic_region":"Eastern Bolivia","macroregion":"South America","local_name":"","source_term":"Schwirrgerät / Schwirrholz / bullroarer","source_language":"German / English extraction","object_description":"Narrow rectangular wooden blade, 30 cm long, pierced at one end for a long cord.","function_summary":"","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"zerries1953","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/biblio%3Azerries-1953-bullroarer/Zerries_1953_TheBullroarerAmongSAmerIndians.pdf","page_or_plate":"288; 302","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Regional anchor for the named people; not a findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Itonama of the eastern Bolivian lowlands the bullroarer was a narrow wooden blade some thirty centimetres long, pierced at one end for a long cord. Erland Nordenskiöld carried examples out of their country, but what its sound was for is lost. Among neighboring northeastern Bolivian peoples the bullroarer turns up as a children's toy — a plaything for the Chacobo, Yuracaré, and Guarayu, and known to the Chimane as kakabadje — but for the Itonama even that much is unknown.","pull_quote":"The bull-roarer exists also among the Itonama, but Nordenskiõld (1919, p. 162) has said nothing about its meaning.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Zerries 1953:288 (The Bull-roarer among South American Indians)","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Erland Nordenskiöld, An Ethno-Geographical Analysis of the Material Culture of Two Indian Tribes in the Gran Chaco (Comparative Ethnographical Studies 1, Göteborg, 1919), p. 162; Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American Indians,' Revista do Museu Paulista n.s. 7 (1953), pp. 288 and 302","url":"https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/biblio%3Azerries-1953-bullroarer/Zerries_1953_TheBullroarerAmongSAmerIndians.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260420134455/https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/biblio%3Azerries-1953-bullroarer/Zerries_1953_TheBullroarerAmongSAmerIndians.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Erland Nordenskiöld, An Ethno-Geographical Analysis of the Material Culture of Two Indian Tribes in the Gran Chaco (Comparative Ethnographical Studies 1, Göteborg, 1919), p. 162; Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American Indians,' Revista do Museu Paulista n.s. 7 (1953), pp. 288 and 302","source_display":"Erland Nordenskiöld, An Ethno-Geographical Analysis of the Material Culture of Two Indian Tribes in the Gran Chaco (Comparative Ethnographical Studies 1, Göteborg, 1919), p. 162; Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American Indians,' Revista do Museu Paulista n.s. 7 (1953), pp. 288 and 302","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Narrow rectangular wooden blade, 30 cm long, pierced at one end for a long cord.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"itonama","display_name":"Itonama bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/SA-Z1953-025_vkm_1915_01_1261.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/SA-Z1953-025_vkm_1915_01_1261_thumb.jpg","credit":"Världskulturmuseet, Göteborg (1915.01.1261)","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/1915.01.1261","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Itonama bullroarer from Bolivia, with pencil notes and a long plaited cord."},"slug":"sa-z1953-025-itonama"}