{"id":"RINALDO1964-001","label":"Carter Ranch bone bow guard","people_or_site":"Carter Ranch Pueblo, burial no. 9 (adult male)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Hay Hollow Valley / Little Colorado drainage, Apache County, Arizona","macroregion":"North America","local_name":"","source_term":"bow guard","source_language":"English","object_description":"Long spatulate section of limb bone, concave-convex in cross section, 22.2 x 3.6 x 1.0 cm, tapering from a broad rounded end to a narrow spatulate end; a hole drilled through near the broad end, and an incised line fringed with short oblique lines crossing the convex face about one-third of the way down.","function_summary":"Excavated and named as a bow guard from its position on the dead man's left forearm; the excavator adds that it resembles a bullroarer in shape and compares end scrapers and fleshers, allowing multiple uses.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"rinaldo1964_carter_ranch_burial9_bow_guard","source_type":"archaeological_report","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chapters_in_the_prehistory_of_Eastern_Arizona_(IA_chaptersinprehis551mart).pdf","page_or_plate":"Fig. 36l, printed p. 80; description printed p. 95; radiocarbon appendix printed p. 223","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"candidate_only","coordinate_basis":"Derived from the report's own legal description of the site - SE quarter of the NW quarter of Section 21, Twp. 13 N., Range 23 E., Gila and Salt River Meridian (p. 1) - converted to WGS84; a quarter-section anchor in the Hay Hollow Valley east of Snowflake, not a mapped findspot or grave coordinate.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Burial 9 at Carter Ranch Pueblo held a man laid out with jars and bowls, a pitcher, Turritella shell pendants, a lump of turquoise and a heavy bone club - and, resting on his left forearm, a blade of limb bone twenty-two centimetres long, curved in section, drilled through near its broad rounded end and cut with a single fringed line. John Rinaldo called it a bow guard, because of where it lay; in the same sentence he wrote that it resembles a bull-roarer in shape, and a few lines later he compared its sharp spatulate end to the objects excavators call end scrapers and fleshers, and allowed that it may have served several purposes at once. The arm it was lying on remains the strongest thing anyone knows about it. It has never been examined for wear, and nothing survives of a cord.","pull_quote":"The object, which resembles a bull-roarer in shape, is 22.2 cm. long, 3.6 cm. wide, and 1.0 cm. thick and is called a bow guard because it was found on the left forearm of a male burial (No. 9).","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Rinaldo in Martin et al. 1964:95","term_gloss":"bow guard: a wrist guard worn against the snap of a bowstring.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":true,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 950–1200 AD","date_qualification":"Carter Ranch Pueblo occupation estimate; burial object not directly dated.","date_basis":"site_horizon","date_confidence":"medium","date_citation":"rinaldo1964_carter_ranch_burial9, Martin et al. 1964 pp. 80, 95 and 222–223 fig. 36l","sources":[{"citation":"John B. Rinaldo, in Paul S. Martin et al., Chapters in the Prehistory of Eastern Arizona II (Fieldiana: Anthropology 55; Chicago Natural History Museum, 1964), pp. 80 (fig. 36l), 95 and 223","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chapters_in_the_prehistory_of_Eastern_Arizona_(IA_chaptersinprehis551mart).pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250223154303/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chapters_in_the_prehistory_of_Eastern_Arizona_(IA_chaptersinprehis551mart).pdf"}],"source_citations":"John B. Rinaldo, in Paul S. Martin et al., Chapters in the Prehistory of Eastern Arizona II (Fieldiana: Anthropology 55; Chicago Natural History Museum, 1964), pp. 80 (fig. 36l), 95 and 223","source_display":"John B. Rinaldo, in Paul S. Martin et al., Chapters in the Prehistory of Eastern Arizona II (Fieldiana: Anthropology 55; Chicago Natural History Museum, 1964), pp. 80 (fig. 36l), 95 and 223","date_citation_display":"Martin et al. 1964 pp. 80, 95 and 222–223 fig. 36l","object_display":"Long spatulate section of limb bone, concave-convex in cross section, 22.2 x 3.6 x 1.0 cm, tapering from a broad rounded end to a narrow spatulate end; a hole drilled through near the broad end, and an incised line fringed with short oblique lines crossing the convex face about one-third of the way down.","function_display":"Excavated and named as a bow guard from its position on the dead man's left forearm; the excavator adds that it resembles a bullroarer in shape and compares end scrapers and fleshers, allowing multiple uses.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"carter ranch","display_name":"Carter Ranch bone bow guard","image":{"full":"assets/objects/RINALDO1964-001_carter_ranch_fig36_item_l.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/RINALDO1964-001_carter_ranch_fig36_item_l_thumb.jpg","credit":"Rinaldo, in Martin et al. 1964, figure 36, item l","license":"Published research figure, academic reuse","source_page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chapters_in_the_prehistory_of_Eastern_Arizona_(IA_chaptersinprehis551mart).pdf","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Carter Ranch Pueblo burial 9 bone bow guard (fig. 36, item l)."},"slug":"rinaldo1964-001-carter-ranch-pueblo-burial-no-9-adult-male"}