{"id":"RAY1942-006","label":"Lillooet bull-roarer","people_or_site":"Lillooet (Stl'atl'imx)","country_current":"Canada","historic_region":"Fraser River at Lillooet, southern British Columbia","macroregion":"North America / Plateau","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A wooden blade, of cedar, whirled on a cord held in the hand.","function_summary":"A child's toy of cedar, whirled from the hand.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"ray1942_plateau","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf","page_or_plate":"printed p. 184, elements 4094-4103","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Lillooet on the Fraser, southern British Columbia. Territory anchor for the named people; not a use site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Lillooet bullroarer was wooden, of cedar, whirled from the bare hand, and a child's toy. No power over the weather is attested for it, and so the Lillooet stand with their downriver neighbours in the Plateau's toy province, where the instrument belonged to children and the sky was left alone.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260814094023/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","source_display":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A wooden blade, of cedar, whirled on a cord held in the hand.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"lillooet","display_name":"Lillooet bull-roarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-003_nmnh_E381321_carrier.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-003_nmnh_E381321_carrier_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Carrier (Dakelh) bullroarer from British Columbia, with a pale wooden blade, swinging stick and cord.","credit":"Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution (USNM E381321-0)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (Smithsonian)","source_page":"https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8416972","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Carrier (Dakelh) slat with its cord and swinging stick.","pool_id":"plateau-carrier-rig"},"slug":"ray1942-006-lillooet-stl-atl-imx"}