{"id":"RAY1942-004","label":"Kalispel bull-roarer","people_or_site":"Kalispel","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Pend Oreille River, northeastern Washington","macroregion":"North America / Plateau","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A wooden blade, of cedar, whirled on a cord held in the hand.","function_summary":"A child's toy of cedar; the weather function is explicitly denied.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"ray1942_plateau","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf","page_or_plate":"printed p. 184, elements 4094-4103","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Pend Oreille River valley, northeastern Washington -- territory anchor, not a findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Kalispel had the bullroarer — cedar, whirled from the hand without a handle — and it was a child's toy, and nothing more: the weather use was denied outright. That refusal is worth as much as an assent. All around the Kalispel are peoples who used the instrument on the sky — the Kittitas and Wenatchi to the west calling the Chinook, the Kutenai to the east doing the same — and here, in between, the weather function stops. It is a boundary drawn from the inside, by people in a position to know, and it means the Plateau's weather province has an edge rather than simply fading out where knowledge does.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","url":"https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260814094023/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar008-003.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","source_display":"Verne F. Ray, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXII, Plateau,' Anthropological Records 8:2 (Berkeley, 1942), p. 184, elements 4094-4103","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A wooden blade, of cedar, whirled on a cord held in the hand.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"kalispel","display_name":"Kalispel bull-roarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BATCH3-031.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BATCH3-031_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Mackenzie River wooden bullroarer with repeated triangular notches along both edges and a small knob at its tapered end.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum, Am1929,0412.54","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Am1929-0412-54","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Notched leaf-shaped wooden blade, Mackenzie River","pool_id":"auto-BATCH3-031"},"slug":"ray1942-004-kalispel"}