{"id":"PNG95","label":"Wapo-Era","people_or_site":"Wapo-Era","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Gulf","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence","function_summary":"The growl of the kaiaimunu, the devouring monster in the men's house; kept from women and uninitiated boys.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 95","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Era River country east of Goaribari, Gulf Province, near Aimei village; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Its whir was the voice of the kaiaimunu, the great cane-and-basketry monster crouched in the back of the men's house. Along the Era River east of Goaribari, the bullroarers were kept inside the wicker beast itself, so that when the men swung them the sound rose as the monster's growl — the devouring spirit that swallowed boys and gave them back as men. No woman and no uninitiated boy could look upon the roarer, or on the creature whose throat it was.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"kaiaimunu (also kaiemunu): the large cane-and-basketry monster effigy of the Purari Delta and Era River men's houses.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":["women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 95","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 95","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 95","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"wapo era","display_name":"Wapo-Era","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG95_smg_a1451_gulf.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG95_smg_a1451_gulf_thumb.jpg","alt":"Carved Papuan Gulf bull-roarer with a crocodile-like figure, repeated chevrons and a fibre cord tied through its forked end.","credit":"Science Museum Group, A1451 (Wellcome Collection)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co102682","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Carved Papuan Gulf bull-roarer with crocodile motif and fibre cord."},"slug":"png95-wapo-era"}