{"id":"PNG65","label":"Binandere","people_or_site":"Binandere","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Northern","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use","function_summary":"Shown to the boys during the 'terror', the first stage of initiation, when men disguised as embahi spirits chased them through the village.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 65","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Binandere language-area point in northern Oro Province (WALS); an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Binandere-speaking peoples of the Northern District of Papua—now Oro Province—the bullroarer belonged to the opening and most terrifying phase of a boy's initiation. F. E. Williams, government anthropologist of Papua, who did fieldwork among the Orokaiva tribes in the 1920s, recorded a three-stage rite whose first stage was called the \"terror,\" or the \"ordeal.\" In it, initiated men of the clan disguised themselves as malevolent spirits, the embahi, and chased the novices around the village while their families begged the spirits not to eat their sons. It was during this stage of panic that the boys were first shown the bullroarers and the sacred flutes. Only afterward came seclusion in the men's house, the oro, where they were taught the secrets of those instruments along with weaponry, clan history, and the otuhu virtues of the warrior.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60, 1975), Table 1, entry 65; Women in Transition, \"Chapter Six: Orokaiva,\" p. 125 (drawing on Williams 1930:180–209 and Reay 1953:114–15)","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60, 1975), Table 1, entry 65; Women in Transition, \"Chapter Six: Orokaiva,\" p. 125 (drawing on Williams 1930:180–209 and Reay 1953:114–15)","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60, 1975), Table 1, entry 65; Women in Transition, \"Chapter Six: Orokaiva,\" p. 125 (drawing on Williams 1930:180–209 and Reay 1953:114–15)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"binandere","display_name":"Binandere","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/europeana_412.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/europeana_412_thumb.jpg","alt":"Photograph of three carved New Guinea bullroarer blades laid in a row; the dark central blade has a tan face and sunburst eye, while the flanking blades carry other figures and geometric bands.","credit":"Museum of the Hospice Saint-Roch (acc. #CM:0875522)","license":"","source_page":"http://basenationale.philharmoniedeparis.fr/doc/BASENATIONALE/0875522","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Carved New Guinea bullroarer with a tan face and sunburst eye."},"slug":"png65-binandere"}