{"id":"PNG50","label":"Wampar","people_or_site":"Wampar","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Morobe","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 50; p. 15 and Table 1, row 54 (Lae-Womba)","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Lower Markham valley near Yalu, Morobe, standing for the Wampar; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"By their own tradition the Wampar came down the Watut River into the middle Markham Valley in the nineteenth century, and the bullroarer was among the instruments of their villages there. Older German sources call them by a coastal name, Lae-Womba. In 1909, under the Lutheran mission's influence, they made peace with the Labu, the Lae people and the Bukawa. Their old religion was a world of ancestor spirits, the mamafe: present everywhere, yet gathered in special places, and reachable through mediums who had contact with them. The Wampar kept elaborate initiation rites until the 1920s, when they were baptized and gave them up.","pull_quote":"Mamafe are everywhere, although they are thought to be concentrated in special places.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Bettina Beer, \"Wampar,\" Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement (2002)","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, p. 6, entry 50; Bettina Beer, 'Wampar', Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement (2002), sections on history, religion and initiation (via Encyclopedia.com); Gourlay 1975, p. 15 and Table 1, entry 54 (Lae-Womba, i.e. Wampar), occurrence from R. Neuhauss, Deutsch Neu-Guinea I (1911), p. 385","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, p. 6, entry 50; Bettina Beer, 'Wampar', Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement (2002), sections on history, religion and initiation (via Encyclopedia.com); Gourlay 1975, p. 15 and Table 1, entry 54 (Lae-Womba, i.e. Wampar), occurrence from R. Neuhauss, Deutsch Neu-Guinea I (1911), p. 385","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, p. 6, entry 50; Bettina Beer, 'Wampar', Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement (2002), sections on history, religion and initiation (via…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"wampar","display_name":"Wampar","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG18_reche1913_taf65_fullplate.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG18_reche1913_taf65_fullplate_thumb.jpg","alt":"Reche’s Plate LXV: carved Middle Sepik blade H.S. 6596 with repeated ring and line motifs, beside a human skull and netted pouch.","credit":"O. Reche, Der Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss (Hamburg, 1913), Taf. LXV fig. 1","license":"Public domain (published 1913)","source_page":"https://books.google.com/books?id=I9g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA350","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Reche’s Plate LXV, including carved Middle Sepik object H.S. 6596","pool_id":"auto-PNG18_reche1913_taf65_fullplate","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"png50-wampar"}