{"id":"PNG43","label":"Tapen","people_or_site":"Tapen","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Madang","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use","function_summary":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 43; Gourlay printed p. 3 (B and source x), Table 1 printed p. 6 entry 43 (BR in B)","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Tapen village, Rai Coast, Madang (GeoNames 2085810).","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Tapen of the Rai Coast in Madang Province, the bullroarer belonged to initiation or to the rules that kept the sexes apart.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 43","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 43","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 43","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"tapen","display_name":"Tapen","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG40_bremen_D09862_bogadjim.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG40_bremen_D09862_bogadjim_thumb.jpg","alt":"A long, dark Bogadjim bullroarer from Astrolabe Bay, with a narrow tapered blade and incised geometric bands near one end.","credit":"Übersee-Museum Bremen (D09862), coll. Kapitän Rohde","license":"CC BY-SA (Übersee-Museum Bremen)","source_page":"https://nat.museum-digital.de/object/1583244","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Bogadjim bullroarer from Astrolabe Bay, Maclay Coast."},"slug":"png43-tapen"}