{"id":"PNG33","label":"Basken","people_or_site":"Basken","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Madang","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use; sacred flute occurrence; slit-gong occurrence; slit-gong use","function_summary":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 33; Gourlay printed p. 3 (B and source x), Table 1 printed p. 6 entry 33 (BR in B)","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Basken village on the coast north of Madang town.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"On the north coast of mainland New Guinea, in the villages of the Sumkar district, the bullroarer belonged to the hidden ceremonial life of men, swung with the sacred flutes that only the initiated were meant to hear. Across the societies where such roarers were used, Gourlay found one rule holding without exception: they were \"secret\" instruments — the preserve of initiated men, kept from women and the uninitiated.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 33","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 33","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 6, entry 33","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"basken","display_name":"Basken","image":{"full":"assets/objects/shared_biro1901_tafel21_astrolabe.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/shared_biro1901_tafel21_astrolabe_thumb.jpg","alt":"Printed plate of twenty numbered Astrolabe Bay Schwirrbretter and love-charm slats, carved with geometric patterns; eighteen stand upright and two lie horizontally below.","credit":"L. Bíró, Beschreibender Catalog der ethnographischen Sammlung (Astrolabe Bay), Ung. Nationalmuseum (1901), Tafel XXI — UB Frankfurt, DSDK","license":"Public domain","source_page":"https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/i3f/v20/9377418/manifest","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Twenty carved Astrolabe Bay Schwirrbretter and love-charm slats."},"slug":"png33-basken"}