{"id":"PNG172","label":"Haku","people_or_site":"Hakus","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Bougainville","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"rus","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use; slit-gong occurrence; slit-gong use","function_summary":"The voice of rus, the spirit of boys' initiation: swung to make a frightening sound.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 172; SIL Halia lexicon entry rus 2","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Hakö (Haku) language-area point on north Buka (Glottolog); an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"On Buka a boy taken for the upe disappears into a forest school for up to three years, his head bound in a woven cone; no woman may see him, or even cross ground he has walked. Among these northern islanders Gourlay's 1975 survey marks two sounding things — the slit-gong and the swung bullroarer, the wooden voice that men across Buka Passage lent to the ancestral dead. The Halia language of Haku holds both halves of the secret in one word: rus is the spirit that attended boys' initiation, and rus is the bullroarer, 'an object swung around to make a frightening sound.'","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"rus: the spirit of boys' initiation, and the bullroarer.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 172; Halia Dictionary (SIL), entry rus 2","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 172; Halia Dictionary (SIL), entry rus 2","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 172; Halia Dictionary (SIL), entry rus 2","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"hakus","display_name":"Haku","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG172_png172-solos-buka-mqb-11836.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG172_png172-solos-buka-mqb-11836_thumb.jpg","alt":"A painted Solos blade from Buka Island, with a white-outlined figure, round face and outstretched limbs across its broad half.","credit":"© Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac (71.1934.188.1425)","license":"Rights reserved; museum image, no open license supplied","source_page":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/#/objet/11836","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Solos blade, Buka Island."},"slug":"png172-hakus"}