{"id":"PNG163","label":"Laks","people_or_site":"Laks","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"New Ireland","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"talun","source_term":"talun","source_language":"Siar-Lak (Lak / Siar), Austronesian (Patpatar-Tolai subgroup, Western Oceanic), southern New Ireland, Papua New Guinea","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; slit-gong occurrence","function_summary":"Sounded in the men's secret cult as the talun, on the triun ground closed to women and children.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/australia-and-oceania/pacific-islands-political-geography/lak","page_or_plate":"Encyclopedia of World Cultures Vol. 2: Oceania, \"Lak\" entry, \"Ceremonies\" and \"Settlements\" sections","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Siar village in Lak country, southern New Ireland (GeoNames 2086820); an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Lak of southern New Ireland the bullroarer is the talun, named by Albert among the secret ceremonies of the men's cult that also keeps the great tubuan and duk-duk spirit masks. Its world is the triun, the men's-society ground at the edge of every settlement, closed to women and children; only males initiated into the cult in their early teens may enter and take part. The instrument thus belongs to the restricted sphere of men's secret society activity rather than to open or domestic life.","pull_quote":"Men also practice secret ceremonies associated with tubuan and duk-duk masks, as well as other ceremonies revolving around bullroarers (talun).","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Steven M. Albert, \"Lak,\" Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Vol. 2: Oceania (1991), \"Ceremonies\" section (via encyclopedia.com).","term_gloss":"talun = Lak (Siar) word for the bullroarer; triun (also taraiu) = the men's secret ground at the edge of a settlement, forbidden to women and children; tubuan / duk-duk = masked spirit figures of the men's secret cult.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Steven M. Albert, \"Lak,\" in Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Vol. 2: Oceania, ed. Terence E. Hays (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1991); Paul Wolffram, Langoron (PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2007)","url":"https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/australia-and-oceania/pacific-islands-political-geography/lak","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251231102145/https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/australia-and-oceania/pacific-islands-political-geography/lak"}],"source_citations":"Steven M. Albert, \"Lak,\" in Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Vol. 2: Oceania, ed. Terence E. Hays (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1991); Paul Wolffram, Langoron (PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2007)","source_display":"Steven M. Albert, \"Lak,\" in Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Vol. 2: Oceania, ed. Terence E. Hays (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1991); Paul Wolffram, Langoron (PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2007)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"laks","display_name":"Laks","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG167_smb_VI23812_kalil.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG167_smb_VI23812_kalil_thumb.jpg","alt":"A paddle-shaped bullroarer from Kalil village, New Ireland, with cord wrapped around its narrow end.","credit":"Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (VI 23812), coll. Emil Stephan 1906","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://id.smb.museum/object/1347782","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A paddle-shaped bullroarer from Kalil village, New Ireland."},"slug":"png163-laks"}