{"id":"PNG148","label":"Möwehafen","people_or_site":"Mowehafen","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"West New Britain","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"Plain elongated wooden slats with terminal attachment points: two Arawe Pagiwar blades from Kandrian (Möwehafen), the smaller retaining its cord, and a 46 cm blade from Arawe Island.","function_summary":"Spirit voice at coastal circumcision festivals; at Möwehafen, boys and girls were shown roarers at initiation.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 148; PRM 1938.36.1316-.1317; Parkinson 1907 German original printed pp. 638-641, Fig. 115 on p. 639 (PDF pp. 762-764 and 767); Gourlay1975 printed p.46 (PDF p.56), citing Allen1967 p.90","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"representative on-land anchor at Mowehafen (regional coordinate fell just offshore of the rendered coastline); not an exact findspot","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Each year on the south coast of West New Britain, boys bought their way into a circumcision cult with shell money, del, as a masked spirit named Mewo — cone-hatted, sheathed in banana leaves — emerged from a house set apart from the other huts. Across this coast, circumcision festivals also used the bullroarer, a wooden lancet on a three-metre cord whirled from a long pole: its drone was the voice of a spirit forbidden to women. The women cooked the feast but were barred from it, leaving the food at the ground's edge. Richard Parkinson recorded it at Möwehafen in 1907. Unusually, at Möwehafen girls as well as boys were shown the roarers at initiation.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo","women_special"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":true,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 638–641, fig. 115; K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), Table 1, entry 148, and p. 46; Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 1938.36.1316–1317; Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, ETHOC 016688","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 638–641, fig. 115; K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), Table 1, entry 148, and p. 46; Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 1938.36.1316–1317; Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, ETHOC 016688","source_display":"Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 638–641, fig. 115; K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), Table 1, entry 148, and p. 46; Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 1938.36.1316–1317; Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, ETHOC 016688","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Plain elongated wooden slats with terminal attachment points: two Arawe Pagiwar blades from Kandrian (Möwehafen), the smaller retaining its cord, and a 46 cm blade from Arawe Island.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"mowehafen","display_name":"Möwehafen","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1316.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1316_thumb.jpg","alt":"Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian, southwest New Britain: a long narrow wooden blade with attached cord looping across and beside it.","credit":"Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, 1938.36.1316 (Beatrice Blackwood collection)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-43109","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian, with its cord attached.","additional":[{"full":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1317.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1317_thumb.jpg","alt":"Second Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian: a long flat blade with a rounded end and a repaired hole at its narrow end.","credit":"Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, 1938.36.1317 (Beatrice Blackwood collection)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-43110","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Second Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian, with a repaired perforated end."},{"full":"assets/objects/PNG148_meg_ethoc_016688.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG148_meg_ethoc_016688_thumb.jpg","alt":"An Arawe Island wooden blade from the Felix Speiser collection, 46 cm long, plain and tapering toward a pierced narrow end, with a rounded opposite tip.","credit":"Musée d'ethnographie de Genève (MEG), ETHOC 016688 (coll. Felix Speiser, 1940)","license":"© Musée d'ethnographie de Genève — reproduction rights apply; rehosted low-res for non-commercial research","source_page":"https://collections.geneve.ch/meg/catalogue/musinfo_public.php?id=016688","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"A third Arawe Island blade, 46 cm, from the Felix Speiser collection."}]},"slug":"png148-mowehafen"}