{"id":"PNG147","label":"Eklep","people_or_site":"Eklep","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"West New Britain","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use","function_summary":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 147; Gourlay printed p. 3 (B and source x), Table 1 printed p. 9 entry 147 (BR in B)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Aiklep (Eklep) country on the south coast of West New Britain; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"On the south coast of New Britain the bullroarer spoke as a spirit. Swung on a cord from a long rod at the circumcision of boys, its roar was the voice of a being no woman was permitted to see — so Richard Parkinson set it down in 1907. The Eklep, a coastal people of the Arawe stretch, kept such an instrument, and it belonged to their initiations or to the rules that kept the sexes apart.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 9, entry 147; Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 640–641","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 9, entry 147; Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 640–641","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra, 1975), p. 3 and Table 1, p. 9, entry 147; Richard Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 640–641","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Used in initiation or subject to restrictions between the sexes.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"eklep","display_name":"Eklep","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1317.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG148_prm_1938_36_1317_thumb.jpg","alt":"Second Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian: a long flat blade with a rounded end and a repaired hole at its narrow end.","credit":"Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, 1938.36.1317 (Beatrice Blackwood collection)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-43110","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Arawe Pagiwar bullroarer from Kandrian, with a repaired perforated end.","pool_id":"auto-PNG148_prm_1938_36_1317","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"png147-eklep"}