{"id":"PNG145","label":"Nakanai","people_or_site":"Nakanai","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"West New Britain","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"siko","source_term":"siko (e-)","source_language":"Lakalai (Nakanai), an Austronesian language of West New Britain, PNG (Bileki dialect)","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use; slit-gong occurrence; slit-gong use","function_summary":"A children's toy.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 145","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Hoskins district point, West New Britain (GeoNames 2096035), standing for the Nakanai; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Here the bullroarer is a toy. On New Britain's north coast the Nakanai call it siko and leave it to children, because the voice that truly commands fear comes from elsewhere: the valuku, clan-spirit masks that parade the villages each dry season, chasing and striking any woman or child who fails to flee. Where many peoples hid the sacred in a whirling blade, the Nakanai hid it behind a mask, and let the whirring wood dwindle to a plaything.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"a bullroarer, glossed as a children's toy","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"Written with the noun-marker prefix e- (e-siko).","literal_gloss":"","semantic_cluster":"toy_or_game","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 145; Ann Chowning and Ward H. Goodenough, Dictionary of Lakalai (Nakanai), s.v. siko, and English-Lakalai section, p. 261","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 145; Ann Chowning and Ward H. Goodenough, Dictionary of Lakalai (Nakanai), s.v. siko, and English-Lakalai section, p. 261","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 145; Ann Chowning and Ward H. Goodenough, Dictionary of Lakalai (Nakanai), s.v. siko, and English-Lakalai section, p. 261","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"A children's toy.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"nakanai","display_name":"Nakanai","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Oc1951-07-6.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Oc1951-07-6_thumb.jpg","alt":"New Britain bullroarer with a white-filled carved face and geometric bands near one end; the long wooden blade tapers to a plain point.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Oc1951-07-6)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1951-07-6","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"New Britain bullroarer.","pool_id":"auto-museum_harvest--bm_E_Oc1951-07-6"},"slug":"png145-nakanai"}