{"id":"PNG134","label":"Agarabi","people_or_site":"Agarabi","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Eastern Highlands","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence","function_summary":"Sounded in initiation as \"the voice of the ancestors.\"","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf","page_or_plate":"Hays 1986: 436 (distribution table, Agarabi row) and 440 (spirit-voice passage)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Kainantu area near Orege village, Eastern Highlands (GeoNames 2088978), standing for the Agarabi; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Agarabi of the Kainantu district in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, the bullroarer was a man's sacred instrument. Terence Hays's 1986 survey of the region's secret wind instruments places the Agarabi bullroarer in the initiation context and records that its roar was publicly declared to be \"the voice of the ancestors\" — the dead made audible to women and children who were forbidden even to see what made the sound. Across the Eastern Highlands the swung blade and the paired sacred flutes alike carried the cries of spirits, and only at the western edge of the bullroarer's range did the object ever fall to the status of a children's toy.","pull_quote":"the Agarabi, with their \"voice of the ancestors\"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Hays 1986, \"Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,\" Anthropos 81:440 (quoting Chenoweth 1976:43)","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Terence E. Hays, \"Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,\" Anthropos 81 (1986): 435-453, pp. 436, 440, citing Vida Chenoweth, Musical Instruments of Papua New Guinea (Ukarumpa: SIL, 1976), p. 43","url":"https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250526055207/https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Terence E. Hays, \"Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,\" Anthropos 81 (1986): 435-453, pp. 436, 440, citing Vida Chenoweth, Musical Instruments of Papua New Guinea (Ukarumpa: SIL, 1976), p. 43","source_display":"Terence E. Hays, \"Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,\" Anthropos 81 (1986): 435-453, pp. 436, 440, citing Vida Chenoweth, Musical Instruments of Papua New Guinea (Ukarumpa: SIL, 1976), p. 43","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Sounded in initiation as \"the voice of the ancestors.\"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"agarabi","display_name":"Agarabi","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Oc1910-344.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Oc1910-344_thumb.jpg","alt":"Eastern Highlands blade with triangular borders and its fibre cord.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Oc1910-344)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1910-344","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Eastern Highlands bullroarer from Papua New Guinea.","pool_id":"auto-museum_harvest--bm_E_Oc1910-344"},"slug":"png134-agarabi"}