{"id":"PNG11","label":"Duo Yangoru","people_or_site":"Duo Yangoru","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"East Sepik","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"English","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use; sacred flute occurrence; slit-gong occurrence; slit-gong use","function_summary":"Swung by men called “the wala” during punitive visits to an important man’s household.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 11; Gourlay printed p. 3 (B and source x), Table 1 printed p. 5 entry 11 (BR in B); Roscoe1991 “Yangoru Boiken,” entry pp.388–391 (online Religion and Expressive Culture; exact printed subsection page not checked)","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Yangoru district, East Sepik, standing for Duo Yangoru; an area anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Yangoru Boiken of the East Sepik foothills, the swung bullroarer was the voice of the wala — spirits believed to be formed from the mystical union of ancestral shades, some of them culture heroes now standing as the local mountains, others male and female spirits of the bush and stream. In former times, an important man's wife who insulted his sexuality was disciplined by \"the wala\": a band of men who came swinging the bullroarer and destroyed the couple's belongings. Bullroarers, along with weaponry and cooking and dining utensils, were sometimes incised with abstract designs the Boiken called the face of the wala. The culture was documented by the anthropologist Paul Roscoe, who spent about two years among the Yangoru Boiken at Sima village between 1979 and 1981.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3, Table 1, p. 5, entry 11; citing A. P. Elkin (1956–57), p. 318","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"},{"citation":"Paul B. Roscoe, “Yangoru Boiken,” in Terence E. Hays (ed.), Encyclopedia of World Cultures, vol. 2: Oceania (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1991), pp. 388–391"},{"citation":"A. P. Elkin, “Australian and New Guinea musical records,” Oceania 27(4) (1956–57):313–319, p. 318, via Gourlay (1975), Table 1, entry 11"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3, Table 1, p. 5, entry 11; citing A. P. Elkin (1956–57), p. 318; Paul B. Roscoe, “Yangoru Boiken,” in Terence E. Hays (ed.), Encyclopedia of World Cultures, vol. 2: Oceania (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1991), pp. 388–391; A. P. Elkin, “Australian and New Guinea musical records,” Oceania 27(4) (1956–57):313–319, p. 318, via Gourlay (1975), Table 1, entry 11","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations, New Guinea Research Bulletin 60 (Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), p. 3, Table 1, p. 5, entry 11; citing A. P. Elkin (1956–57), p. 318; Paul B. Roscoe, “Yangoru Boiken,” in Terence E. Hays (ed.), Encyclopedia of World…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Swung by men called “the wala” during punitive visits to an important man’s household.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"duo yangoru","display_name":"Duo Yangoru","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Oc1951-07-10.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Oc1951-07-10_thumb.jpg","alt":"A wooden bullroarer carved in relief with mirrored spiral and face.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Oc1951-07-10)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1951-07-10","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A wooden bullroarer carved in relief with mirrored spiral and face."},"slug":"png11-duo-yangoru"}