{"id":"PNG101","label":"Sepoe","people_or_site":"Sepoe","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Gulf","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"tiparu","source_term":"Tiparu","source_language":"Toaripi (East Elema; Sepoe is a named dialect/village of Toaripi)","object_description":"bullroarer occurrence; bullroarer use","function_summary":"Swung at initiation; seen only by initiated men. Women and children fled the village, for to hear the tiparu was to die.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gourlay1975_sound_producing","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644","page_or_plate":"Table 1, row 101","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"representative on-land anchor at Sepoe (regional coordinate fell just offshore of the rendered coastline); not an exact findspot","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Only a man who had passed initiation could look upon the tiparu; then pigs were killed and a great feast prepared. But when it was swung, every woman and child fled the village — for merely to hear its roar, the Toaripi held, was to die. James Chalmers of the London Missionary Society recorded the bull-roarer and its death-taboo along the Papuan Gulf in the 1880s, among the eastern Elema villages, Sepoe among them, where its name was tiparu.","pull_quote":"\"Tiparu, only seen by a young man after initiation into manhood, and then pigs are killed, and a large feast prepared. All women and young people leave the village lest they should hear it and die.\"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"James Chalmers, quoted in A. C. Haddon, The Study of Man (1898), p. 240","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 101; A. C. Haddon, The Study of Man (1898), p. 240, quoting James Chalmers of the London Missionary Society","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000082089644"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 101; A. C. Haddon, The Study of Man (1898), p. 240, quoting James Chalmers of the London Missionary Society","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, Sound-Producing Instruments in Traditional Society: A Study of Esoteric Instruments and Their Role in Male-Female Relations (New Guinea Research Bulletin 60; Canberra and Port Moresby, 1975), Table 1, entry 101; A. C. Haddon, The Study of Man (1898), p. 240, quoting James Chalmers of the London Missionary Society","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Swung at initiation; seen only by initiated men. Women and children fled the village, for to hear the tiparu was to die.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"sepoe","display_name":"Sepoe","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG101_smg_a655886_gulf.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG101_smg_a655886_gulf_thumb.jpg","alt":"Carved Papuan Gulf bull-roarer.","credit":"Science Museum Group, A655886 (Wellcome Collection)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co107161","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Carved Papuan Gulf bull-roarer."},"slug":"png101-sepoe"}