{"id":"PEUR2026-003","label":"Isturitz cave Magdalenian bramaderas","people_or_site":"Isturitz cave","country_current":"France","historic_region":"Pyrenees-Atlantiques / Isturitz level II; Middle Magdalenian","macroregion":"Europe / Pyrenees","local_name":"bramadera / rhombe","source_term":"bramadera","source_language":"Spanish","object_description":"Two fragmentary bone bramaderas from level II, one decorated and one plain, Middle Magdalenian.","function_summary":"Whirled-cord aerophone.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"barandiaran2015_kobie","source_type":"archaeological_synthesis","source_url":"https://www.bizkaia.eus/fitxategiak/04/ondarea/Kobie/PDF/7/Kobie_BAI_06_web-7.pdf","page_or_plate":"p. 152 and n. 9","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Isturitz/Oxocelhaya cave site coordinate from tourism GPS; not object-level provenience GPS.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"In level II of the Isturitz cave, in the French Basque country, excavators recovered two fragments of bone bramaderas — bullroarers — dated to the Middle Magdalenian. One is decorated and was published by the Comte de Saint-Périer in his 1936 study of the cave's Grande Salle; the other is plain and went unrecorded until Ignacio Barandiarán found it in 1966 while reviewing the Musée Basque collections in Bayonne, where it sat labeled \"R. de Saint-Périer 1937/Ist.II.\" Barandiarán places Isturitz within a corpus of these objects strung along the northern Pyrenees — Bourrouilla, Lortet, La Vache — each a long, narrow, very thin blade of polished bone, lenticular in plan, the proximal end swelling into a constricted head flanked by a small lug on either side, the whole pierced and looped with cord so the blade could be whirled to roar.","pull_quote":"dos fragmentarias (decorada y lisa) en el nivel II de Isturitz (Pyrénées Atlantiques) reconocido como del Magdaleniense medio","pull_quote_translation":"two fragmentary ones (one decorated and one plain) in level II of Isturitz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), recognized as Middle Magdalenian","pull_quote_cite":"Barandiarán Maestu 2015, Kobie BAI 6:154","term_gloss":"Spanish for bullroarer, from bramar, \"to bellow/roar\"; rhombe is the French term for the same whirled instrument.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 15,000–12,000 BC","date_qualification":"","date_basis":"stratigraphic","date_confidence":"high","date_citation":"barandiaran2015_kobie, p. 152 and n. 9","etymology":"Standard Spanish term for bullroarer, from bramar, to bellow or roar; used by Barandiaran for Paleolithic bone specimens.","literal_gloss":"bullroarer; roaring/bellowing thing","semantic_cluster":"romance_roar_word","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu, 'La bramadera de hueso: análisis y discusión cronocultural,' Kobie BAI 6 (2015), pp. 149-158","url":"https://www.bizkaia.eus/fitxategiak/04/ondarea/Kobie/PDF/7/Kobie_BAI_06_web-7.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240530134905/https://www.bizkaia.eus/fitxategiak/04/ondarea/Kobie/PDF/7/Kobie_BAI_06_web-7.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu, 'La bramadera de hueso: análisis y discusión cronocultural,' Kobie BAI 6 (2015), pp. 149-158","source_display":"Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu, 'La bramadera de hueso: análisis y discusión cronocultural,' Kobie BAI 6 (2015), pp. 149-158","date_citation_display":"Barandiaran 2015 Kobie, p. 152 and n. 9","object_display":"Two fragmentary bone bramaderas from level II, one decorated and one plain, Middle Magdalenian.","function_display":"Whirled-cord aerophone.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"isturitz cave","display_name":"Isturitz cave Magdalenian bramaderas","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PEUR2026-003_isturitz_barandiaran2012_fig1_4.png","thumb":"assets/objects/PEUR2026-003_isturitz_barandiaran2012_fig1_4_thumb.png","credit":"Barandiaran Maestu, Veleia 29 (2012), Fig. 1.4","license":"CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 for the Veleia electronic edition unless otherwise indicated","source_page":"https://ojs.ehu.eus/index.php/Veleia/article/view/8935","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Line drawing of the plain Isturitz bone bramadera fragment from level II."},"slug":"peur2026-003-isturitz-cave"}