{"id":"PEREZDEARCE2025-003","label":"Toconao's whistling cattle-drover","people_or_site":"Toconao, Atacama (herders)","country_current":"Chile","historic_region":"Antofagasta Region / San Pedro de Atacama commune / Toconao","macroregion":"South America / Andes","local_name":"","source_term":"zumbador","source_language":"Spanish","object_description":"A bullroarer pierced with small holes, which add a whistle to its drone.","function_summary":"Swung to drive cattle.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"perezdearce2025_toconao_zumbador","source_type":"academic_article_pdf","source_url":"https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf","page_or_plate":"p. 1816","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Toconao village, Atacama; the account covers 'ese territorio', not a specific place.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"In the Atacama oasis of Toconao, the bullroarer had holes in it. Herders swung it to drive their cattle, and the small perforations laid a whistle over its rumbling drone.","pull_quote":"Los hoyitos generan un silvido que se agrega al runruneo.","pull_quote_translation":"The little holes make a whistle that is added to the drone.","pull_quote_cite":"José Pérez de Arce, Instrumentos Sonoros Sudamericanos (2025), p. 1816","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros Sudamericanos (2025), p. 1816","url":"https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261012235112/https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf"}],"source_citations":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros Sudamericanos (2025), p. 1816","source_display":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros Sudamericanos (2025), p. 1816","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bullroarer pierced with small holes, which add a whistle to its drone.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"toconao","display_name":"Toconao's whistling cattle-drover","image":{"full":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/ALVARSSON2012-001_smvk_1979-10-0313.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/thumbs/ALVARSSON2012-001_smvk_1979-10-0313_thumb.jpg","credit":"Världskulturmuseet, Göteborg / SMVK (1979.10.0313)","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/14222","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"The Wéhnayey jwim-jwim","pool_id":"auto-expansion_2026_07--ALVARSSON2012-001_smvk_1979-10-0313","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"perezdearce2025-003-toconao-atacama-herders"}