{"id":"OMERZEL1998-002","label":"Potočka perforated rib fragment","people_or_site":"Potočka zijalka Aurignacian cave site","country_current":"Slovenia","historic_region":"Potočka zijalka / eastern Karawanks","macroregion":"Europe","local_name":"","source_term":"skoz in skoz preluknjan fragment rebra jamskega medveda / svojstvena brnivka; rebro z luknjo (brnivka?)","source_language":"Slovenian","object_description":"A fragment of cave-bear rib perforated all the way through, recovered from layer 7 in the cave's entrance triangle, between measuring points 15, 17 and 18.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"omerzel1998_potocka_cave_bear_rib","source_type":"archaeomusicological_review","source_url":"https://www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_8_omerzel_pra.pdf","page_or_plate":"Omerzel-Terlep 1998, Etnolog 8, printed p. 171 and note 73; Omerzel-Terlep 1999, Etnolog 9/2, printed p. 20; Brodar and Brodar 1983, pp. 31, 155, 166","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"candidate_only","coordinate_basis":"Potočka zijalka cave-entrance anchor; the fragment's position in the entrance triangle between measuring points 15, 17 and 18 is an excavation-grid reference, not a geographic coordinate.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"High in the eastern Karawanks, in a cave mouth Ice Age hunters used and cave bears died in, excavators recorded a fragment of bear rib punched clean through with a hole. It came from layer 7 near the entrance, in ground about 37,000 to 33,000 years old. Decades later Mira Omerzel-Terlep read the old excavation notes and wondered whether it might be an unusual bullroarer, then repeated the thought the following year with a question mark attached. She could go no further: nobody recorded the fragment's size, its catalogue number, or, crucially, where on the bone the hole sat, and the rib itself appears to have been lost in the war.","pull_quote":"Med svojstvene brnivke bi lahko morda šteli tudi skoz in skoz preluknjan fragment rebra jamskega medveda ...","pull_quote_translation":"Among unusual bullroarers one might perhaps also count a cave-bear rib fragment perforated all the way through ...","pull_quote_cite":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, Etnolog 8 (1998), printed p. 171","term_gloss":"brnivka: Slovenian bullroarer or whirring sound-maker; svojstvena brnivka: \"unusual, idiosyncratic bullroarer\"; rebro z luknjo: \"rib with a hole\".","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":true,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 35,000–31,000 BC","date_qualification":"Late Aurignacian Layer 7 context; the rib fragment was not directly dated.","date_basis":"stratigraphic","date_confidence":"low","date_citation":"omerzel1998_potocka_cave_bear_rib, Brodar and Brodar 1983 p. 155; Omerzel-Terlep 1998 p. 171; modern Potočka layer-7 chronology","sources":[{"citation":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prazgodovinska kamnita in koščena tolkala, drgala, idiofoni, ropotulje in brnivke,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171 and n. 73; Omerzel-Terlep, Etnolog 9(2) (1999), p. 20; Srečko and Mitja Brodar, Potočka zijalka (1983), p. 155","url":"https://www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_8_omerzel_pra.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240628012254/https://www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_8_omerzel_pra.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prazgodovinska kamnita in koščena tolkala, drgala, idiofoni, ropotulje in brnivke,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171 and n. 73; Omerzel-Terlep, Etnolog 9(2) (1999), p. 20; Srečko and Mitja Brodar, Potočka zijalka (1983), p. 155","source_display":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prazgodovinska kamnita in koščena tolkala, drgala, idiofoni, ropotulje in brnivke,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171 and n. 73; Omerzel-Terlep, Etnolog 9(2) (1999), p. 20; Srečko and Mitja Brodar, Potočka zijalka (1983), p. 155","date_citation_display":"Brodar and Brodar 1983 p. 155; Omerzel-Terlep 1998 p. 171; modern Potočka layer-7 chronology","object_display":"A fragment of cave-bear rib perforated all the way through, recovered from layer 7 in the cave's entrance triangle, between measuring points 15, 17 and 18.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"poto zijalka","display_name":"Potočka perforated rib fragment","image":{"full":"assets/objects/OMERZEL1998-001_potocka_point75_p170.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/OMERZEL1998-001_potocka_point75_p170_thumb.jpg","alt":"Omerzel-Terlep’s drawing of Potočka zijalka point 75, with its terminal perforation and four cross-sections below.","credit":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, Etnolog 8 (1998), printed p. 170, after M. Brodar 1983","license":"No open license stated; rehosted low-resolution figure for noncommercial research","source_page":"https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/file/1716/download?token=JcGLxIhd","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Omerzel-Terlep's drawing of a perforated bone point from the same cave."},"slug":"omerzel1998-002-potocka-zijalka-aurignacian-cave-site"}