{"id":"NAMER-008","label":"Hopi thunder-stick bullroarer, Mishongnovi","people_or_site":"Hopi, Mishongnovi (Second Mesa), Arizona","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Arizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Mishongnovi (Musangnuvi)","macroregion":"North America / Southwest","local_name":"","source_term":"Thunder-Stick","source_language":"English","object_description":"A Hopi thunder-stick from Mishongnovi, Second Mesa, in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington. A second Mishongnovi blade reached the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, in 1903 — 1903.36.42, carved wood, 217 by 49 mm, with its cord still on it. A third, Pitt Rivers Museum 1928.9.99 (195 × 50 mm), was made by a Hopi boy of the village and painted with a black zigzag between red and yellow bands; Beatrice Blackwood collected it in 1926-27.","function_summary":"Function not recorded for the Smithsonian stick. A companion blade from the village was labelled in 1928 as symbolic of thunder and lightning and swung during ceremonial dances to induce rain; among the Hopi the bullroarer is whirled to imitate the sound of thunder and summon the monsoon rains.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"NMNH_MISHONGNOVI","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b","page_or_plate":"NMNH ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Representative Mishongnovi / Second Mesa public community anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Thunder and lightning, swung to bring the rain: that is how the label on a Mishongnovi bullroarer explained it in 1928, on a blade a Hopi boy of the village had made and painted with a black zigzag. The Smithsonian's older Mishongnovi series goes under the same idea in English, \"Thunder-Stick.\" Inside the Antelope kiva during the Mishongnovi Snake-Antelope ceremony, George Dorsey and H. R. Voth watched a Kalehtaka, a warrior of the Bow priesthood, sound the bullroarer, its whirring the thunder of the July storms the rite was calling.","pull_quote":"The bull-roarer, or whizzer, used ceremonially by the Hopi, Zuni, Navaho, Apache, and other tribes, is employed in the same form as a child's toy, the latter being presumably borrowed from the implement used in religious rites.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Culin, Games of the North American Indians, 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1907), p. 750","term_gloss":"","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["snake","agriculture","weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology, Thunder-Stick, Hopi, Mishongnovi, object ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b","url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b"},{"citation":"Stewart Culin, Games of the North American Indians, 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1907), p. 750"}],"source_citations":"Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology, Thunder-Stick, Hopi, Mishongnovi, object ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b; Stewart Culin, Games of the North American Indians, 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1907), p. 750","source_display":"Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology, Thunder-Stick, Hopi, Mishongnovi, object ark:/65665/3aba18a80-78f3-440e-af45-f9349a36b23b; Stewart Culin, Games of the North American Indians, 24th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1907), p. 750","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A Hopi thunder-stick from Mishongnovi, Second Mesa, in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington. A second Mishongnovi blade reached the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, in 1903 — 1903.36.42, carved wood, 217 by 49 mm, with its cord still on it. A third, Pitt Rivers Museum 1928.9.99 (195 × 50 mm), was made by a Hopi boy of the village and painted with a black zigzag between red and yellow bands; Beatrice Blackwood collected it in 1926-27.","function_display":"Function not recorded for the Smithsonian stick. A companion blade from the village was labelled in 1928 as symbolic of thunder and lightning and swung during ceremonial dances to induce rain; among the Hopi the bullroarer is whirled to imitate the sound of thunder and summon the monsoon rains.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"hopi","display_name":"Hopi thunder-stick bullroarer, Mishongnovi","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NAMER-008_prm_1903-36-42_mishongnovi.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAMER-008_prm_1903-36-42_mishongnovi_thumb.jpg","alt":"Hopi bullroarer with cord and handle, Mishongnovi (Pitt Rivers Museum 1903.36.42).","credit":"Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (1903.36.42)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-39592","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Hopi bullroarer collected at Mishongnovi in 1903, with cord and stick handle.","additional":[{"full":"assets/objects/pd_plates/dorseyvoth1902_mishongnovi_plateCI.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/pd_plates/dorseyvoth1902_mishongnovi_plateCI_thumb.jpg","alt":"Photograph inside the Antelope kiva at Mishongnovi, with priests standing behind seated participants.","credit":"Dorsey and Voth, The Mishongnovi Ceremonies of the Snake and Antelope Fraternities (1902), pl. CI","license":"Public domain","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/mishongnovicerem33dors","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Kalehtaka whirling a bullroarer inside the Antelope kiva at Mishongnovi."},{"full":"assets/objects/NAMER-008_prm-1928-9-99.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAMER-008_prm-1928-9-99_thumb.jpg","alt":"Mishongnovi boy’s painted wooden blade with a dark zigzag band, pale cord, and a 1928 tag reading “thunder & lightning ... to induce rain.”","credit":"© Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (acc. 1928.9.99)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-39591","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"A Mishongnovi boy's painted blade, its 1928 label reading \"thunder & lightning ... to induce rain\"."}]},"slug":"namer-008-hopi-mishongnovi-second-mesa-arizona"}