{"id":"NAMER-007","label":"Hopi bullroarer, Songoopavi","people_or_site":"Hopi / Songoopavi, Second Mesa","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Arizona / Hopi Reservation / Second Mesa / Songoopavi (Shongopovi)","macroregion":"North America / Southwest","local_name":"","source_term":"Bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Painted wooden bullroarer with wool yarn, made in the 1960s.","function_summary":"Among the Hopi the tovokìnpi is twirled by the kalektaka warrior in the Snake dance to imitate the thunder that accompanies the rain.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"NMAI_251482","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6e5debee0-c438-4ff0-b8a4-c227e7250bd0","page_or_plate":"NMAI_251482 / catalog 23/6128","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Representative Songoopavi / Second Mesa public community anchor.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"A Hopi bullroarer from Songoopavi (Shongopovi) on Second Mesa, held by the National Museum of the American Indian as catalog 23/6128, which withholds its image as a culturally sensitive object. Among the Hopi the bullroarer is the tovokìnpi: at the Snake dance a warrior of the Bow priesthood trails the line of Antelope priests, twirling the whizzer at critical times in the ceremony — 'to imitate the thunder which accompanies the rain' of the July-to-September monsoon storms the rite calls down. Whether this blade ever did so is not recorded.","pull_quote":"Arriving within a short distance of the spring, he stopped and twirled the bullroarer and blew his eagle-bone whistle to announce, he said, to the water deities (the Balölökongwuu and Clouds) his presence.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"H. R. Voth, The Oraibi Summer Snake Ceremony, Field Columbian Museum Anthropology III(4) (1903), p. 320, on an Oraibi Antelope messenger's errand to the spring","term_gloss":"","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":["snake","agriculture","weather"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"National Museum of the American Indian, catalog 23/6128, object NMAI_251482","url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6e5debee0-c438-4ff0-b8a4-c227e7250bd0"},{"citation":"J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Snake Ceremonies, 16th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1897), p. 298"},{"citation":"J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Flute and Snake Ceremonies, 19th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1900), pp. 983–985, 1011"},{"citation":"Elsie Clews Parsons, Pueblo Indian Religion (1939), pp. 377–378"},{"citation":"H. R. Voth, The Oraibi Summer Snake Ceremony, Field Columbian Museum Anthropology III(4) (1903), p. 320"}],"source_citations":"National Museum of the American Indian, catalog 23/6128, object NMAI_251482; J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Snake Ceremonies, 16th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1897), p. 298; J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Flute and Snake Ceremonies, 19th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1900), pp. 983–985, 1011; Elsie Clews Parsons, Pueblo Indian Religion (1939), pp. 377–378; H. R. Voth, The Oraibi Summer Snake Ceremony, Field Columbian Museum Anthropology III(4) (1903), p. 320","source_display":"National Museum of the American Indian, catalog 23/6128, object NMAI_251482; J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Snake Ceremonies, 16th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1897), p. 298; J. Walter Fewkes, Tusayan Flute and Snake Ceremonies, 19th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1900), pp. 983–985, 1011; Elsie Clews Parsons, Pueblo…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Painted wooden bullroarer with wool yarn, made in the 1960s.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"hopi","display_name":"Hopi bullroarer, Songoopavi","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NAMER-007_fewkes1903_plateLVIII.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAMER-007_fewkes1903_plateLVIII_thumb.jpg","alt":"Fewkes’s painted plate of four Hopi katcinas; at upper left, Cotokinuñwû raises a small zigzag lightning whizzer.","credit":"J. W. Fewkes, Hopi Katcinas Drawn by Native Artists (21st ARBAE, 1903), pl. LVIII","license":"Public domain (published 1903)","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/hopikatcinasdraw00fewk","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"For the withheld blade: Fewkes’s plate of Cotokinuñwû, Heart-of-the-Sky god (top left), a lightning whizzer in his hand."},"slug":"namer-007-hopi-songoopavi-second-mesa"}