{"id":"NAMER-005","label":"Bone roarer among bear canines","people_or_site":"Site 40HW44, Hawkins County, Tennessee","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Tennessee / Hawkins County / site 40HW44","macroregion":"North America / Eastern Woodlands","local_name":"","source_term":"bone bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bone bullroarer, buried as a funerary object.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"FEDERAL_REGISTER_2019_00836","source_type":"federal_register_notice","source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/04/2019-00836/notice-of-inventory-completion-tennessee-valley-authority-knoxville-tn","page_or_plate":"Federal Register 2019-00836 / site 40HW44","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Representative Hawkins County / site 40HW44 anchor from the notice; not a public exact site coordinate.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"A bone bullroarer was buried with the dead at site 40HW44 in Hawkins County, Tennessee, in the Holston River drainage. From June 23 to August 19, 1976, the University of Alabama's Office of Archaeological Research removed the remains of at least 13 individuals, most of them adult men, from the site; five radiocarbon dates place its primary occupation in the Early Woodland period, 1000 to 300 B.C. The bullroarer was one of 132 associated funerary objects, lying among 69 drilled bear canines, beaver incisors, an antler handle, a bone pin, chert debitage, and an animal-tooth pendant. The Tennessee Valley Authority later determined that no shared group identity could be reasonably traced between these dead and any present-day Indian Tribe. How it sounded, and who once swung it, are not recorded.","pull_quote":"…placed with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Federal Register 2019-00836, Notice of Inventory Completion: Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN (Feb. 4, 2019)","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":["death_rebirth"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 1000–300 BC","date_qualification":"","date_basis":"site_horizon","date_confidence":"high","date_citation":"FEDERAL_REGISTER_2019_00836, Federal Register 2019-00836 / site 40HW44","sources":[{"citation":"Federal Register notice 2019-00836, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN","url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/04/2019-00836/notice-of-inventory-completion-tennessee-valley-authority-knoxville-tn","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250207021851/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/04/2019-00836/notice-of-inventory-completion-tennessee-valley-authority-knoxville-tn"}],"source_citations":"Federal Register notice 2019-00836, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN","source_display":"Federal Register notice 2019-00836, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN","date_citation_display":"Federal Register 2019-00836 / site 40HW44","object_display":"Bone bullroarer, buried as a funerary object.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"site 40hw44","display_name":"Bone roarer among bear canines","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock_thumb.jpg","alt":"Rappahannock wooden bullroarer with shallow notches along both long edges and cord wound around its middle, leaving a loose loop above.","credit":"Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution (USNM E391849-0)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (Smithsonian)","source_page":"https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8422197","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Rappahannock notch-edged wooden bullroarer collected by Frank Speck.","pool_id":"auto-NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock"},"slug":"namer-005-site-40hw44-hawkins-county-tennessee"}