{"id":"NAGPRA2009-001","label":"Elk Hills cemetery bullroarer fragment (CA-KER-116)","people_or_site":"Elk Hills Cemetery, Buena Vista Lake (historic Yokuts village adjacent)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California","macroregion":"North America / California","local_name":"","source_term":"","source_language":"","object_description":"One 'bull roarer fragment' among 5,508 unassociated funerary objects from site P-15-000116 (CA-KER-116), excavated by Edwin F. Walker, 1935.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"review2026","source_type":"archaeological_report","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2009-03-05/pdf/FR-2009-03-05.pdf","page_or_plate":"pp. 9625-9626","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"candidate_only","coordinate_basis":"Buena Vista Lake / Elk Hills locality, Kern County.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"When Edwin Walker opened the Elk Hills cemetery beside Buena Vista Lake in 1935, the graves gave up more than five thousand objects — abalone-shell containers, beads, baskets — and among them a single fragment of a bullroarer. The cemetery served a Yokuts lakeshore village in the decades around 1800, when glass beads and buttons were already moving up the southern San Joaquin Valley.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":true,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"claim","date_display":"c. 1780–1818 AD","date_qualification":"Span of the cemetery's use; fragment not directly dated.","date_basis":"historic_period_assemblage","date_confidence":"medium","date_citation":"NAGPRA2009-001, Federal Register 74:42 (2009-03-05) pp. 9625-9626","sources":[{"citation":"Federal Register 74:42 (5 March 2009), NAGPRA notice of inventory completion, Autry National Center / Southwest Museum, pp. 9625-9626","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2009-03-05/pdf/FR-2009-03-05.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013024820/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2009-03-05/pdf/FR-2009-03-05.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Federal Register 74:42 (5 March 2009), NAGPRA notice of inventory completion, Autry National Center / Southwest Museum, pp. 9625-9626","source_display":"Federal Register 74:42 (5 March 2009), NAGPRA notice of inventory completion, Autry National Center / Southwest Museum, pp. 9625-9626","date_citation_display":"Nagpra 2009-001, Federal Register 74:42 (2009-03-05) pp. 9625-9626","object_display":"One 'bull roarer fragment' among 5,508 unassociated funerary objects from site P-15-000116 (CA-KER-116), excavated by Edwin F. Walker, 1935.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"elk hills","display_name":"Elk Hills cemetery bullroarer fragment (CA-KER-116)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_18/MINE2026-079_prm_1911_86_97.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_18/thumbs/MINE2026-079_prm_1911_86_97_thumb.jpg","alt":"The schoolboys’ ual ual, a small wooden paddle with cotton string tied around its narrow end.","credit":"© Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (acc. 1911.86.97)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum — non-commercial/educational reuse with attribution","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-39590","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"The schoolboys' ual ual: a hand-sized paddle on its cotton string","pool_id":"auto-review_2026_07_18--MINE2026-079_prm_1911_86_97","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"nagpra2009-001-elk-hills-cemetery-buena-vista-lake-historic-yokuts-village-adjacent"}