{"id":"NAAIN-019","label":"Muscogee Creek fohfokv bull-roarer game","people_or_site":"Muscogee (Creek) / James H. Hill text corpus","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Oklahoma / Eufaula / eastern Oklahoma","macroregion":"North America / Southeast","local_name":"fohfokv","source_term":"fohfokv; bull-roarer","source_language":"Muscogee / English translation","object_description":"A whirled noisemaker.","function_summary":"A game played alone.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"haas_hill2014_muscogee_fohfokv","source_type":"edited_primary_text_corpus","source_url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520286429/creek-muskogee-texts","page_or_plate":"Creek (Muskogee) Texts pp. 247, 254; Muskogee Documentation Project","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Eufaula, Oklahoma community anchor for James H. Hill's source provenance; the text corpus is tied to Haas's eastern Oklahoma fieldwork and Hill of Eufaula, not to an exact performance or collection site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Muscogee (Creek) the bull-roarer was fohfokv, a game you played by yourself. James H. Hill of Eufaula, Oklahoma, named it in a short text on various games, one of some 140 stories and language samples he wrote out in Muscogee for the linguist Mary R. Haas between 1936 and 1940; there the toy sits among ordinary amusements.","pull_quote":"Fohfokv sahkopvnkvo océs.","pull_quote_translation":"There was also a game [called] fohfokv ['bull-roarer'].","pull_quote_cite":"Mary R. Haas & James H. Hill, Creek (Muskogee) Texts, ed. Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin & Juanita McGirt (2015), James Hill's text on games","term_gloss":"fohfokv — Muscogee (Creek) word glossed as \"bull-roarer\" in James H. Hill's \"Various Games\" text, where it is named as a game for one person to play alone.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Mary R. Haas and James H. Hill, Creek (Muskogee) Texts, edited and translated by Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, and Juanita McGirt (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015), pp. 247, 254","url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520286429/creek-muskogee-texts","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260820133541/https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520286429/creek-muskogee-texts"}],"source_citations":"Mary R. Haas and James H. Hill, Creek (Muskogee) Texts, edited and translated by Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, and Juanita McGirt (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015), pp. 247, 254","source_display":"Mary R. Haas and James H. Hill, Creek (Muskogee) Texts, edited and translated by Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, and Juanita McGirt (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015), pp. 247, 254","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A whirled noisemaker.","function_display":"A game played alone.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"muscogee","display_name":"Muscogee Creek fohfokv bull-roarer game","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock_thumb.jpg","alt":"Rappahannock wooden bullroarer with shallow notches along both long edges and cord wound around its middle, leaving a loose loop above.","credit":"Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution (USNM E391849-0)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (Smithsonian)","source_page":"https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8422197","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Rappahannock bullroarer from the Eastern Woodlands.","pool_id":"auto-NAAIN-004_nmnh_E391849_rappahannock"},"slug":"naain-019-muscogee-creek-james-h-hill-text-corpus"}