{"id":"NA-S1952-003","label":"Tewa San Ildefonso kiva bullroarer","people_or_site":"Tewa of San Ildefonso","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Pueblo / Southwest","macroregion":"North America","local_name":"","source_term":"bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"","function_summary":"Whirled in the kivas, out of women's sight.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"seder1952oldworld","source_type":"source_catalog","source_url":"https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/3526/","page_or_plate":"51-54; Harrington 1916, p. 59 (PDF p. 63)","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"San Ildefonso Pueblo anchor; Seder gives secrecy context but not full rite detail","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Men kept the roar where women could not see it. At San Ildefonso, kivas were roof-entered ritual chambers, not display rooms: a round plaza kiva gathered the men for announcements and held the Tablita dance, while the Summer and Winter moieties kept their own kivas beside rooms for Kosa secret rites and Buffalo dancers. Their sky held serpents: San Ildefonso people spoke of the Avanyu, serpent deities of the six regions, each with its own colour, and the Tewa placed such serpents in the clouds, where people looking upward sometimes saw them. Below, in the kiva, a whirled slat sounded, a roar heard but not shown.","pull_quote":"The Tewa of San Ildefonso used their bull-roarers out of sight, in their kivas, where women could not see them.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Theodore A. Seder, 'Old World Overtones in the New World', Museum Bulletin (University of Pennsylvania) XVI(4) (1952), Bull-Roarer section","term_gloss":"Tewa name for the bullroarer: 'wind call'.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["snake","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"Edward S. Curtis, The North American Indian, vol. 17 (1926); J. P. Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians (29th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1916), p. 59; Seder 1952, pp. 51-54","url":"https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/3526/","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250316040643/https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/3526/"}],"source_citations":"Edward S. Curtis, The North American Indian, vol. 17 (1926); J. P. Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians (29th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1916), p. 59; Seder 1952, pp. 51-54","source_display":"Edward S. Curtis, The North American Indian, vol. 17 (1926); J. P. Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians (29th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1916), p. 59; Seder 1952, pp. 51-54","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"Whirled in the kivas, out of women's sight.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"tewa san","display_name":"Tewa San Ildefonso kiva bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NA-S1952-003_fewkes1903_plXLVIII.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NA-S1952-003_fewkes1903_plXLVIII_thumb.jpg","credit":"J. W. Fewkes, Hopi Katcinas Drawn by Native Artists (21st ARBAE, 1903), pl. XLVIII","license":"Public domain (published 1903)","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/hopikatcinasdraw00fewk","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Pohaha katcina of the Tewa clan swinging a whizzer, painted by a Hopi artist; shown for comparison, not a San Ildefonso object."},"slug":"na-s1952-003-tewa-of-san-ildefonso"}